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World History (10th) > Unit 1+2 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1+2 Test Flashcards

Test 1: Origins of Civilization (Unit 1) + The Ancient Middle East and Egypt (Unit 2) (September 9, 2024)

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1
Q

The first civilizations in the Americas differed from the first civilizations in Africa and Asia because they…

A

Developed in mountain valleys, fertile lowlands, and highland areas

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2
Q

What is one of the basic features of civilization?

A

Organized government

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3
Q

As villages grew into cities, social organization became more complex. What were people ranked according to?

A

Their jobs

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4
Q

Immediate changes in ancient civilizations were often caused by what?

A

Environmental changes and events

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5
Q

How did the development of spoken language help Stone Age people?

A

It allowed people to cooperate and perhaps make plans for the future

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5
Q

As methods of cultural diffusion, what do migration, trade, and warfare have in common?

A

They each cause interaction between people from different cultures

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6
Q

Why are the roots of the Neolithic Revolution traced to the development of farming?

A

Farming allowed people to live in permanent villages year-round

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7
Q

How did the social structure develop in settled farming villages during the Neolithic Revolution?

A

Men began dominating social, political, and economic life

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8
Q

What is most likely the reason Neolithic peoples formed governments?

A

Organize large public works projects

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9
Q

What would be different about modern society if the Neolithic Revolution had not occurred?

A

People would not live in large towns and cities

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10
Q

Earliest civilizations developed around what geographic feature

A

Rivers

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10
Q

The study of past people and cultures through their material remains

A

Archaeology

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11
Q

A political unit that includes a city and its surrounding lands and villages is called what?

A

City-state

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12
Q

People who moved from place to place in search of food are called what

A

Nomads

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13
Q

The belief that spirits inhabit plants, animals, or other natural objects is known as?

A

Animism

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13
Q

First written languages where written in what form?

A

Cuneiform

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14
Q

What is the name given to the oldest complete humanoid skeleton

A

Lucy

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14
Q

What are some ways we can learn about a civilization without understanding their written records?

A

We can learn about them through the artifacts they left behind

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14
Q

The pivotal change in human societies from hunting and gathering to a more settled way of life based on agriculture and domestication of animals was?

A

Neolithic Revolution

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14
Q

Why do historians believe that the Harappan Civilization was mostly peaceful?

A

Historians believe this because there is no evidence of war. There is no evidence of war in any form including art, war weapons, or signs of destruction to prove otherwise

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14
Q

What are objects made by humans and studied by historians

A

Artifacts

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15
Q

What evidence suggests that many people moved to Mohenjo Daro from far away? Why might people travel long distances to Harrappa?

A

The evidence that helps prove the theory of migration into Mohenjo Daro is by analyzing their teeth. They also saw the art that showed people wearing a variety of clothing and hairstyles. They also probably moved for trade.

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16
Q

Because people in Harappa were not fighting, what other skills could they have developed?

A

They developed skills in architecture and plumbing

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17
Q

Why would having standard and uniform weights and measures be important for a civilization?

A

It can help build in relation to the topography of the region

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18
Q

What modern conveniences and technology did the people of Harrappan have?

A

Plumbing and architecture

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19
Q

The _______ civilization was able to achieve a peaceful society where war was not fought. Because of this, they where able to develop modern day skills such as plumbing and architecture.

A

Harrappan

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20
Q

Group of hominids nicknamed the handy man because archaeologists originally thought they where the first group of hominids to use stone tools. However, they did create stone tools, and used them to do things such as cut, scrape, chop, or saw plants, animals, or wood.

A

Homo Habilis

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21
Q

Earliest group of Homonids

A

Australopithecines

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22
Q

Upright man since their skeletons showed they where fully upright walkers. They where known to have large brains and bones and small teeth compared to other groups. Believed to be the first group to create fire. Created the first tool called a hand axe and their remains have been found throughout Europe and Asia.

A

Homo erectus

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22
Q

Theory that states that Homo Sapiens first lived in Africa and then migrated to other areas of the world.

A

Out of Africa Theory

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23
Q

Modern day humans

A

Homo sapiens

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24
Q

The two groups that emerged from homo sapiens.

A

Neanderthals and earliest modern humans

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24
Q

One of the two groups that originally developed from homo sapiens, that spread through out the world.

A

Early modern humans

25
Q

Where did Neanderthals mostly live?

A

Europe and Asia

26
Q

After Neanderthals died out, what is the other group that even still to this day is the only hominid group still on earth?

A

Modern day humans

27
Q

What are the two sections human prehistory is divided into?

A

1) Old Stone Age (paleolithic period)
(2 million - 12,000 years)

2) New Stone Age (neolithic period)
(12,000 - 5,000 years)

28
Q

What where many people in the Old Stone Age?

A

Nomads

29
Q

What where the roles of men and women in the Old Stone Age?

A

Women/Children: gathered food

Men: hunted +fished

30
Q

During which two periods did people work with stone?

A

Old Stone Age and New Stone Age

31
Q

During what stone age did people develop skills and technology?

A

New Stone Age

32
Q

Did humans use fire 1 million years ago?

A

Yes

33
Q

What are some advantages from the use of fire?

A

Cooking, keeping animals away, staying warm

34
Q

Where Paleolithic people nomads?

A

Yes

35
Q

About how many people where in each paleolithic nomad group?

A

20-30

36
Q

What did the Paleolithic nomads depend on when strategizing for survival

A
  • They depended on the environment and their surroundings
  • Tools/Weapons
37
Q

T or F

The people from the Old Stone Age adapted accordingly to their environments

A

True

38
Q

What where some tools that people in the Old Stone Age created?

A

Digging sticks, spears, axes from stone, bone and wood

39
Q

What was the purpose of developing languages between the Paleolithic nomads?

A

When hunting + to discuss future plans

40
Q

Where is the ancient civilization of Sumar located?

A

In between the Tigris and Euphrates

41
Q

What does the term “land between the rivers” refer to and what rivers are they talking about?

A

Mesopotamia is between the Tigris-Euphrates rivers.

42
Q

Region of the middle east where civilizations first began.

A

Fertile crescent

43
Q

Unpredictable flooding, no natural protection, and limited resources where all challenges of which ancient civilization?

A

Mesopotamia

44
Q

Invented the wheel, the sail, the plow, math, and geometry along with cuneiform.

A

Sumer

45
Q

What is the Epic of Gilgamesh?

A

A series of Sumerian poems.

46
Q

Where was Sargon the great from?

A

Greece

47
Q

T or F

Sargon the great defeated the city states of Sumer.

A

True: He conquered all of them.

48
Q

What was the world’s first empire and who was it founded by?

A

Akkad (founded by Sargon the Great)

49
Q

T or F

The middle east was peaceful in ancient times.

A

False: There were many wars happening

50
Q

What civilization was created 150 years after Sumer?

A

Babylon

51
Q

Babylon empire reached its peak during the reign of who?

A

Hammurabi

52
Q

T or F

Hammurabi’s law wasn’t that harsh like other civilizations

A

False: It was very violent and had some of the most gruesome punishments.

53
Q

What Age was created during the time of the Hitties.

A

Iron age

54
Q

Where did the Hitties come to Mesopotamia from

A

Asia Minor or Turkey

55
Q

What where the Hitties experts in

A

Iron work

56
Q

What did their good iron work allow for the Hitties to have?

A

Larger armies

56
Q

How many years since Sumer had passed when the Assyrians conquered Mesopotamia?

A

2,000

57
Q

Possibly the first people to use crucifixion

A

Assyrians

58
Q

Founded the first library with work from the whole fertile crescent.

A

Assyrians

59
Q

T or F

the Assyrians had a reputation for being unproblematic

A

False: They were known for being cruel

60
Q

Who did the Assyrians fall to?

A

Nebuchadnezzar from the New Babylonian empire

61
Q

Who unified the Persian empire?

A

Daruis I

61
Q

T or F

Babylon had 2 parts to it

A

True: Southern Mesopotamia and part of Assyria to the north

62
Q

Who did the second round of Babylon fall to?

A

Persia

63
Q

T or F

The Persians hated their people and were very strict.

A

False: They were very tolerant and allowed people to keep their customs and religions

64
Q

What system was established by Darius I once he unified Persia?

A

Bureaucracy

65
Q

How was Persia divided once Daruis took over?

A

Provinces and was governed by satraps (governors)

66
Q

Who established common weights and measures in Persia`

A

Darius I

67
Q

Founded by Zoroaster; rejected polytheism in favor of monotheism; belief of good god in constant battle with evil; belief of good judgement and afterlife

A

Zoroastrianism

67
Q

Powerful traders in the Mediterranean

A

Phoenicians

68
Q

Most important city states of the Phoenicians

A

Tyre and Sidon

69
Q

Had colonies along northern coast of Africa and coasts of Sicily, Sardinia, and Spain

A

Phoenicians

70
Q

T or F
The Phoenicians created an alphabet

A

True

World History (10th) (11 decks)

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