Unit 6 Test Flashcards
Test 4: Ancient Rome and the Origins of Christianity (November 15, 2024)
(Video Question)
What aspect of Roman culture originated with the Etruscan civilization?
A. The Latin language
B. The arch and other engineering techniques
C. The Etruscan framework of government
D. Its military techniques
B. The arch and other engineering techniques
2 classes in Rome
1) Patricians
2) Plebeians
What were the specific steps Pliny took to discover the truth in the issue of the Christians?
1) He would interrogate the accused and ask them if they were Christain. Those who confessed, he would interrogate a 2nd and 3rd time and threatened them with death if they were to continue to confirm their belifes. Those who persisted were exectued.
2)He would tourture people, specifically female slaves (deaconesses), for information
3) If the accused someone claimed that they weren’t Christian, then he would make them perform a ritual for their OWN Gods and curse Christ for proof.
Who died on the ides (15th) of March in 44 BC?
Julius Ceasar
(Vocab)
A people who inhabited early Italy
Etruscans
(Video Question)
Why was Rome was considered a republic?
Citizens voted for some of their officials.
2 sides in the Punic Wars
1) Carthage
2) Rome
What do Pliny’s actions suggest about Roman legal procedures?
They were harsh if you didn’t obey or satisfy them with a response that they satisfy liked/approved of.
What River did Ceasar want to cross?
Rhine
(Vocab)
System of government in which officials are chosen by the people
Republic
(Video Question)
What social freedom did Roman women eventually gain?
They were allowed to own property.
2 leaders who ran the Senate + led armies
Consul
What does Pliny think of Christians?
He thinks that they are offensive, a disease, superstitious and stubborn. He though that they were a threat to Romal rule, and veiwed the religion/religious practices asa rebelion.
How long did it take the Romans to build Ceasar’s bridge?
10 days
(Vocab)
A member of the land-holding upper class
Patrician
(Video Question)
How did Rome successfully protect its conquests?
By posting a well-trained army throughout the empire
Got elephants over the Alps and terrorized Rome for over a decade
Hannibal
What were Emperor Trajan’s attitudes toward justice?
Although he agreed with Pliney and didn’t seek out the “sinners”, he dissagreed on having people send in information anonymously.
What was the propaganda advantage of building the bridge rather than taking boats?
He wanted it show that he/Romans can go anywhere. It would make the opponent question their capabilities.
(Vocab)
A members of the class that included farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders
Plebeian
(Vocab)
An official from the patrician class who supervised the government and commanded the armies
Consul
(Video Question)
How did the Romans unify their empire?
They gave out citizenship and built roads.
General in 1st Punic War whose name might work for a dog
Hamilcar Barca
How do the Pliy letters compare/contrast with Christ’s trials?
- In both the Pliny letters and Christ’s trial’s, an inncoent Christian is getting sentenced to death for their religion.
- Pliny interrogates the accused Christians similarly to how Piolet does to Jesus.
- The Chritians were said to be usually poor or slaves. Jesus also wasn’t rich and wasn’t surrounded by many rich people either.
- The process of executing Christians in the letters than in Christ’s trials.
When and by whom was Rome founded?
Romulus and Remus in 753 BC
(Vocab)
Ruler who has complete control over a government
Dictator
(Video Question)
How were the Romans different from other peoples in the ancient world?
They practiced imperialism more successfully than their rivals.
Term for the father of the family who had life + death power over his children
Pater Familia
What are the 4 big engineering/architectural achievements highlighted in this video? What do the engineering accomplishments reveal about the Byzantine/Eastern Roman Empire?
1) Aquaduct bridges
2) Bisillica Cistern
3)Theodosian Walls
4) Haiga Sofia
They were very ahed of their time and liked to builed + were smart in engineering (strong suite).
The Roman marketplace was called what?
Forum
(Vocab)
Block a government action
Veto
(Vocab)
An official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests
Tribune
(Video Question)
Why did the death of an emperor sometimes lead to violence and civil wars?
Romans had no settled way to choose the new emperor.
Organization of 600 - 800 troops each in Roman armies
Legions
What major challenges did emperors after Constantine face in providing for the population of Constantinople? How did they solve it?
Earthquakes, they didn’t know where to store/find water, and their city was dying of thirst. they solved this problem by building lot of large aqueducts and a cistern.
(Vocab)
Basic unit of the ancient Roman army, made up of about 5,000 soldiers
Legion
(Video Question)
What effect did the Pax Romana have on Rome?
It was a time of prosperity throughout the empire
The position that could veto the Senate
Tribune
What natural disaster repeatedly challenged the city of Constantinople and its engineering?
Earthquakes; they rocked the city (it was also unprotected)
What was a new and powerful building material developed by the Romans?
Waterproof concrete
(Vocab)
Domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region
Imperialism
(Video Question)
How did Diocletian try to end the Roman empire’s economic decay?
He set prices for goods and services to slow inflation.
Marriage in which a woman didn’t pass under her husband’s control
Sine Manus
Why was Constantinople able to fend off the Huns and other attackers when Rome couldn’t?
They built strong city walls using like stone mortar with brick and stone. These walls are called the Theodosian Walls. It was their line of defense.
What were three major infrastructure projects completed by the Romans?
- Aqueducts
- Piers
- Baths
(Vocab)
Huge estates bought up by newly wealthy Roman citizens
Latifundia
(Video Question)
How did the Hun invasion weaken the Roman empire?
It led Germanic peoples to cross into the empire for safety.
St. Helena’s son that converted to Christianity
Constantine
How did the Byzantines/Eastern Roman Empire defend Constantinople from naval attacks?
Massive iron chain
How much water was transmitted daily into Rome?
200 million gallons
(Vocab)
A Roman plebeian who became a tribune and lobbied for government reform. He was killed in 133 B.C. by gangs hired by Roman senators.
Tiberius Gracchus
(Video Question)
In his epic poem the Aeneid, Virgil portrayed Rome’s past heroically, because he wanted to…
A. Show opposition to Augustus.
B. Apply Greek and Hellenistic ideas
C. Point out flaws in Roman society.
D. Evoke a sense of patriotism.
D. Evoke a sense of patriotism.
Extremely violent Germans who settled in North Africa
Vandals
Who was Justinian’s wife/co-ruler?
Theodora
Why was Claudius an unlikely choice for emperor?
He was a laugh stock (had a stutter/disabled)
(Vocab)
The brother of Tiberius and a plebeian political reformist who sought to limit senatorial power.
Gaius Gracchus
(Video Question)
What definition best describes the philosophy of Stoicism?
A. The use of satire to understand the workings of society
B. A belief in the value of the common person
C. The importance of duty and acceptance of one’s fate
D. A belief in many gods
C. The importance of duty and acceptance of one’s fate
Term for $ paid for killing people in Germanic law
Wergeld
What was the hippodrome?
The center stadium/city for social/public life or chariot racing
- What were 2 achievements of the Emperor Claudius?
1) His legions Conquered Britania (Great Britain)
2) 2 major aqueducts built and the arch
(Vocab)
A Roman general, a master of political maneuvers, and a reformist. He advocated for the re-organization of Rome’s government.
Julius Caesar
(Video Question)
Like Hellenistic artists, the Romans stressed realism in their art, which means they portrayed their subjects?
A. philosophically.
B. abstractly
C. idealistically
D. accurately
D. accurately
Year Rome “fell”
476 AD
What were the 4 team colors?
Blue, Red, Green, White
What was the name of the niece and fourth wife of the Emperor Claudius?
Agrippina
(Vocab)
The first Roman emperor of the newly established Roman Empire. Augustus’s rule began a long-lasting period of peace and wealth known as the Pax Romana.
Augustus
(Vocab)
Population count
Census
(Video Question)
How did Romans use science and mathematics to improve everyday life?
They used engineering to build aqueducts and provide running water.
Roman bishop who wrote a History of the Franks
Gregory of Tours
How much of Constantinople was destroyed in Anika riots against Justinian?
1/3 of the city
What were three reasons people hated the Emperor Nero?
1) Nero took ⅓ of the best land and burned it for his own extravagant use (he made a pleasure area)
2) Demanded money from the rich
3) Killed Agrippina (his own mom)
(Vocab)
A Roman Emperor from A.D. 117 to A.D. 138. Considered one of the “Five Good Emperors,” he codified Roman law and traveled extensively, uniting the empire.
Hadrian
(Vocab)
A Roman general who became emperor
Diocletian
(Video Question)
What Roman principles of law are now part of the American legal system?
People are innocent until proven guilty; the accused are allowed to face their accusers; guilt has to be established using solid evidence
Law that legalized Christianity
Edict of Milan
Who persuaded Justinian to stay and not flee the Nika riots?
Theodora
Where are the remains of Nero’s palace?
Under modern Rome (Domus Aurea)
(Vocab)
Economic cycle that involves a rapid rise in prices linked to a sharp increase in the amount of money available
Inflation
(Video Question)
What best describes the origins of Christianity?
A. It emerged from Judaism and was based on the teachings of Jesus
B. It began more than a century after the crucifixion of Jesus
C. It was based entirely on Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount.
A. It became a new religion shortly after the birth of Jesus.
A. It emerged from Judaism and was based on the teachings of Jesus
Pope who protected Rome from Attila
Pope Leo I the Great
How many may have been killled suppressing the Nika riots?
30,000 people
Who built the Colosseum?
Vespasian and slaves including Jewish slaves
(Vocab)
The first Roman Emperor to become a Christian. During his reign, he prevented the persecution of Christians and helped to strengthen the early church.
Constantine
(Vocab)
The capital of the eastern Roman empire; capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul
Constantinople
(Video Question)
What was the effect of Paul’s work?
He spread Christianity.
Visigothic leader who sacked Rome
King Alaric
What was the name of the Cathedral built or re-built by Justinian after the Nika riots?
The Church of Holy Wisdom (Haiga Sofia)
What were two unique aspects of the Colosseum?
- Symbolized wealth, power, and riches of Rome
- Tallest Rome structure of ancient times
- Retractable roof
- It was made for the people
(Vocab)
A nomadic people of central Asia
Huns
(Video Question)
Which fact about the Roman Empire assisted the spread of Christianity?
A. Many Romans opposed cruel or unjust Roman emperors.
B. Most Romans recognized similarities between their religions and Christianity.
C. Many Romans were dissatisfied with the Roman gods.
D. The Romans built a road network and spread common languages.
D. The Romans built a road network and spread common languages.
Persecuted Christian and spilt the Empire
Dicletian
The 11th century Byzantine emperor described by the video as “The most brilliant military mind the Byzantines ever produced” was who?
Basil II
(Vocab)
Soldiers serving in a foreign army for pay
Mercenaries
(Vocab)
A Roman poet who wrote the Aeneid in 30 B.C. He studied mathematics and other subjects in Rome and Naples and was inspired by Greek poets
Virgil
(Video Question)
What is one central belief of Christianity?
Jesus will bring spiritual salvation and eternal life to believers.
When did Constantinople and the Roman/Byzantine Empire fall?
1453
(Vocab)
Make fun of
Satirize
(Video Question)
Fearing that Hellenistic influences were weakening their religion, many Jews believed it was important to do what?
Strictly adhere to Jewish traditions.
(Vocab)
Picture made of chips of colored stone or glass
Mosaic
(Video Question)
Hiw did Justinian contribute to the flourishing of the Byzantine empire after Rome’s decline?
Reforming the laws of ancient Rome.
(Vocab)
Application of science and mathematics to develop useful structures and machines
Engineering
(Video Question)
How did Justinian’s Code influence Western political and legal traditions?
It codified principles that many legal systems still use.
(Vocab)
In ancient Rome, underground or bridge-like stone structure that carried water from the hills into the city
Aqueduct
(Vocab)
A Roman astronomer, mathematician, and geographer who incorrectly theorized that Earth is the center of the universe.
Ptolemy
(Video Question)
How did the fall of Rome impact Western Europe?
Trade slowed greatly, and Western Europe became politically divided.
(Vocab)
Savior sent by God
Messiah
(Video Question)
How did Germanic tribes carve Europe into small kingdoms?
Germanic kings waged wars of conquest.
(Vocab)
The sacred writings of the Christian religion
Christian Bible
(Vocab)
Leader or teacher of a new faith or movement
Apostle
(Video Question)
Which of the following best describes the significance of Pope Leo III’s crowning of Charlemagne as the Emperor of the Romans?
A. It helped Charlemagne battle Muslims in Spain.
B. It brought back the ideal of uniting Christendom.
C. It led to the break-up of Charlemagne’s kingdom after his death.
D. It reunited the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire.
B. It brought back the ideal of uniting Christendom.
(Vocab)
An early opponent of Christianity who, after having a vision, was converted to the teachings of Jesus. He became a missionary to spread the teachings of Jesus.
Paul
(Vocab)
A person who suffers or dies because of his or her beliefs
Martyr
(Vocab)
The body of people who conduct Christian services
Clergy
(Vocab)
High-ranking Church official with authority over a local area, or diocese
Bishop
(Vocab)
In the Roman and Byzantine empires, the highest church official in a major city
Patriarch
(Vocab)
Head of the Roman Catholic Church; in ancient Rome, bishop of Rome who claimed authority over all other bishops
Pope
(Vocab)
Religious belief that is contrary to the official teachings of a church
Heresy
(Vocab)
A Christian scholar whose written works had long-lasting effects on the Christian religion.
Augustine
