Unit 3 Test Flashcards
Test 2: India and China (September 30, 2024)
Vocab:
A large, mostly flat area that rises above the surrounding land
plateau
What was the order of the dynasties in China?
Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, Song
How did geography affect where ancient peoples settled on the Indian subcontinent?
Settlements developed in river valleys that were fertile for farming.
Vocab:
Seasonal wind that regularly blows from (northeast or southwest) a certain direction for part of the year
monsoon
T or F:
During the Golden Age of India, the Guptas developed a decimal system, along with lots of other technological advances
true
What do archaeologists identify as one possible reason for the decline of the Indus civilization?
Farming became difficult due to factors such as decreased rainfall.
Vocab:
The blending of two or more cultures
Acculturation
Which river did the earliest civilizations of China live along?
the Huang
As Vedic people settled into farming communities, they developed…
a tribal political system ruled by rajahs that later formed the basis for small independent kingdoms.
Vocab:
Large ancient city of the Indus civilization, located in present-day Pakistan
Harrappa
T or F:
Ashoka sent missionaries to spread Hinduism
false:
Ashoka sent missionaries to spread Buddhism
In the four traditional varna described in the Vedas, the role of the Kshatriya was to…
protect and govern.
T or F:
Ashoka’s rule was harsh, while Chandragupta’s was peaceful
False:
Ashoka’s was peaceful, while Chandragupta’s was harsh
Vocab:
Ancient city of the Indus Civilization, located in present-day Pakistan
Mohenjo-Daro
What is one of the values revealed through the Indian epics?
The importance of duty over personal desires
Vocab:
In Ancient India, the elected warrior chief of an Ayran tribe.
Rajah
Vocab:
A collection of chants, rituals, prayers, hymns, and other religious teachings developed in ancient India around 1500 B.C.
the Vedas
Who founded the first Indian empire?
Chandragupta Mauryan
In Hinduism, what is the role of reincarnation in achieving moksha?
Reincarnation allows one to work toward moksha through several lifetimes.
T or F:
Buddhism spread into sects
true
How did Hinduism originate?
It developed from the overlapping beliefs of different groups in India.
T or F
Buddhists can’t reach nirvana in their lifetime, only when they die
False:
Buddhists can reach nirvana in their lifetime while they are alive
Vocab:
In the Vedic society of ancient India, a personality type determined a person’s occupation and later a category in India’s caste system
Varna
Over time, social and cultural customs evolved into a system of jati in India, in which…
a person was born into a particular subcaste with its own occupation and leaders.
Vocab:
In the belief system established in Vedic India, a single spiritual power that resides in all things
Braham
Vocab:
In Hindu belief, the rebirth of the soul in another bodily form
Reincarnation
What is the final goal of Buddhists?
To reach nirvana through virtuous living and meditation
The fourth of the 4 noble truths states to follow the __________________?
Eightfold path
Which occurrence led to the spread of Buddhism beyond India?
Missionaries and traders spread Buddhism to other parts of Asia.
How did Chandragupta’s and Ashoka’s approaches to ruling differ?
Chandragupta relied on force while Ashoka ruled by example.
Vocab:
In Hindu belief, the ultimate goal of existence, which is to achieve union with Brahman
Moksha
The Buddha taught the ______________ which are the teachings at the very heart of Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
Vocab:
In Hindu belief, a person’s essential self (the ultimate power within)
Atman
Who is the founder of Buddhism?
Siddhartha Gautama
Which of the following was NOT an achievement under the Guptas during the golden age in India?
A. Creation of a uniform system of writing used throughout India
B. Collected folk tales and songs recorded in the Sanskrit language
C. Advances in mathematics, including numerals and the decimal system
D. Medical advances, including vaccinating against diseases
A. Creation of a uniform system of writing used throughout India
Vocab:
Person who devotes his or her life to seeking direct communication with the divine
Mystic
How did India’s great rulers maintain peace and order?
They had strong central governments and encouraged economic growth.
T or F
people in higher castes were believed to be of more spiritual purity
true
Vocab:
In Hindu belief, all the actions that determine a person’s fate in the next life
Karma
What are subcastes of Hindu society known as?
Jati
Vocab:
In Hindu belief, the religious and moral duties of an individual
Dharma
How was society divided in Ancient India?
in castes
How did geography influence trade in the Tamil kingdoms?
Harbors on the Indian Ocean enabled the Tamil to engage in overseas trade.
Which characteristic of family and village life shaped Indian society?
Families trained their children to fulfill the duties of their caste.
Vocab:
Hindu belief in nonviolence and reverence for all life
Ahisma
Vocab:
In India, an occupational group, part of the caste system
Jati
One part of dharma is practicing ____________or non-violence towards everyone and everything
Ahisma
In what way did China’s isolated geography contribute to its development as a country?
Isolation allowed China to develop on its own, without a great deal of interference from foreign invasion.
Vocab:
In traditional Indian society, an unchangeable social group into which a person is born
Caste
Hindus believe in _____ or that a person’s actions determine the person’s fate in this life or the next.
Kharma
In both the Shang and Zhou societies, how were different regions governed?
Noble landowners governed their own regions.
How can people escape reincarnation in Hinduism?
by following their dharma
What aspect of Confucianism contributed to its long-lasting influence?
Its philosophy of ensuring social order and good government.
Vocab:
As taught by the Buddha, the four basic beliefs that form the foundation of Buddhism
Four Noble Truths
Vocab:
As taught by the Buddha, the path one must follow to achieve nirvana
Eight Fold Path
T or F
The purpose of Hinduism is to achieve the Moksha, or union with Brahman
true
Why did Daoist painters choose water to represent Daoist beliefs?
Water was a symbol of nature and the virtue of yielding.
People have a ___________ or essential self in Hinduism
Atman
Which of the following is one of the notable achievements of early China?
a complex system of writing
Vocab:
In Buddhist belief, union with the universe and release from the cycle of birth
Nirvana
T or F
Brahman is the force of everything in Hinduism
true
T or F
Hinduism does not have a single founder
true
How did Shi Huang-di impose allegiance to a central government?
By replacing feudal states with military districts run by local officials
Vocab:
Buddha
Siddrahta Guatama
Why was the Han period considered a Golden Age of Chinese civilization?
because of advances in science, medicine, technology, and the arts
Vocab:
A subgroup of a major religious group
Sect
What two major religions emerged in Ancient India?
Buddhism and Hinduism
What was one effect of the Silk Road on China?
The Silk Road promoted trade/the exchange of goods and ideas between people and places throughout China.
T or F
From the very beginning of Vedic societies, people in India worshipped Brahman.
False:
Towards the beginning of the Vedic societies, people worshipped gods and goddesses who used natural forces, such as the sun, sky, etc. Later, people began to change their beliefs and started worshipping Brahman.
Why was the Silk Road an important part of Chinese history?
It promoted the exchange of goods and ideas between China and other parts of the world.
Vocab:
Ideas that oppose those of the government
Dissent
T or F
First people were assigned varnas based on their abilities but later, it was divided by the work people did.
true
What is one of the factors that helped Buddhism spread through China?
Mahayana Buddhism offered escape from suffering and the promise of achieving salvation.
Vocab:
Someone sent to do religious work in a territory or foreign country
Missionary
Vocab:
A family organization in which several generations share a common dwelling
Joint family
1st Indian Empire
Mauryan
How many personality types, or varna did the Vedas describe?
4
vocab:
Government officials
Civil servants
Inventions of the Tang Dynasty:
gun power, clocks, woodblock printing, The Diamond Sutra
Buddhist Emperor
Ashoka
How do we know about the Vedic civilizations formed from acculturation?
through the Vedas
Vocab:
System of numbers based on 10
Decimal system
How where Monhejo Daro and Harrappa more advanced than other civilizations at the time?
They both had complex plumbing systems, where very peaceful, and most likely declined because of environmental issues, not war.
T or F:
Vedic people had a tribal political system
true
Vocab:
Period of great cultural achievement
Golden Age
Vocab:
In some societies, payment to a bridegroom from the bride and her family; payment women bring to the marriage
Dowry
What are two major cities from the Indus river valley?
Harrappa and Mohejo-Daro
Vocab:
Buddhist emperor; (last Mauryian emperor)
Ashoka
Ancient Indian hymns, chants, rituals, and religious teachings
Vedas
Vocab:
Fine windblown yellow soil
Loess
What was the name of the chief of the Vedic tribe/tribal leaders?
Rajahs
The longest dynasty in which nobles where powerful and prominent
Zhou
Vocab:
First Mauryian emperor
Chandragupta Maurya
What is one of the factors that helped Buddhism spread through China?
What is one of the factors that helped Buddhism spread through China?
Vocab:
Written symbols in writing systems such as that of the Chinese
Characters
Vocab:
Complete control of a product or business by one person or a group
Monopoly
Vocab:
Old man when Confucius was a young scholar
Laozi
Respect for parents
Filial piety
Founder of the Qin dynasty, who favored strictness and legalism
Qin Shi Huang-di
Why was the Silk Road an important part of Chinese history?
It promoted the exchange of goods and ideas between China and other parts of the world.
Vocab:
Longest-reigning emperor of the Han Dynasty
Wudi
Why was the Han period considered a Golden Age of Chinese civilization?
because of advances in science, medicine, technology, and the arts
vocab:
The art of producing beautiful handwriting
Calligraphy
Vocab:
Policy of increasing the amount of territory a government holds
Expansionism
The Indian subcontinent extends from?
Asia into the Indian Ocean
Vocab:
Local military rulers
Warlords
Civilization in India began in the
Indus River Valley
Vocab:
System of ideas
Philosophy
What are the three ways that India is divided?
- A northern plain with rivers
- Deccan plateau
- Coastal plains
Vocab:
The rise and fall of Chinese dynasties according to the Mandate of Heaven
Dynastic cycle
Vocab:
A group of families with a common ancestor
Clan
What was one effect of the Silk Road on China?
The Silk Road promoted the exchange of goods and ideas throughout China.
How did Shi Huangdi impose allegiance to a central government?
by replacing feudal states with military districts run by loyal officials
Vocab:
Loosely organized government system in which local lords governed their lands but owed military service and other support to a greater lord
Feudalism
Reaching union with god Braham through reincarnated lifetimes
Moksha
Vocab:
In Shang China, animal bone or turtle shells were used by priests to predict the future
Oracle bone
Warrior caste
Kshatriya
Peasant founder of the Han Dynasty and his imperial name (1st Han emperor)
Liu Bang / Han Gaozu
Vocab:
China’s most famous philosopher
Confucius
Vocab:
Medical treatment that started in China
Acupuncture
Inventions during the Han Dynasty
loom, wheelbarrow, paper, iron smellting
Dynasty which produced the oldest example of Chinese writing
Shang
Things the founder of the Qin Dynasty did to organize China
- Systematic alphabet
- Coinage
- Same-sized roads/canals
Founder of Daoism/Taoism
Loazi
Golden age of India
Gupta Empire
Hindu term for religious and moral duties
Dharma
Siddhartha Gautama, aka…
the Buddha
3 god division of Brahman
Vishnu, Shiva, and Brahma
A universal divine spirit in Indian religions
Braham
Conqueror of northern India and founder of the Mauryan Dynasty
Chandragupta
powerful Han emperor who expanded China and opened Silk Roads
Wudi
India enjoyed a golden age under this dynasty.
Gupta Dynasty
Harmony results if people accept their place in society
Confucius
A social/religious class system that evolved out of the 4 varna
Caste system
The divine right to rule maintained by caring for China
Mandate of Heaven
Powerful Tang Empress
Wu Zhao
Peasant who defeated Qin armies and began the Han Dynasty
Liu Bang
Mauryan emperor and convert to Buddhism who ruled by example
Ashoka
Founder of Daoism/Taoism
Laozi
First Tang Emperor
Li Yuan or Emperor Gaozu
Talk about the Huang Cho Rebellion. How did it start? How did it end?
A severe drought and famine struck northern and central China, and mobs of starving people rebelled against Tang rule and began to gain strength. It ended when a man named Zhu Wen took power for himself without the right to do so.
