Unit 7 Test Flashcards
Test 6: Medieval Christian Europe (21 February 2025)
Vocab:
The capital of the eastern Roman empire; capital of the Byzantine and Ottoman empires, now called Istanbul
Constantinople
2 Frankish Dynasties
1) Merovingians
2) Carolingians
As the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565, this person continued war with Persia and sought to win back former western Roman provinces from barbarian invaders. Who was he?
Justinian
Video Question:
Which of the following best describes the significance of Pope Leo III’s crowning of Charlemagne as the Emperor of the Romans?
A. It helped Charlemagne battle Muslims in Spain.
B. It reunited the western and eastern parts of the Roman Empire.
C. It brought back the ideal of uniting Christendom.
D. It led to the break-up of Charlemagne’s kingdom after his death.
C. It brought back the ideal of uniting Christendom.
Vocab:
This person (483–565) was born of peasant stock and adopted by his uncle Justin (emperor from 518).
Justinian
Gallo-Roman bishop who wrote a history about the Franks
Gregory of Tours
After riots and a major fire in 532, who rebuilt much of Constantinople in glorious style.
Justinian
Video Question:
Justinian contributed to the flourishing of the Byzantine empire after Rome’s decline by
A. Freeing slaves throughout the empire.
B. Reforming the laws of ancient Rome.
C. Reducing poverty in Constantinople.
D. Reviving the traditions of ancient Greece.
B. Reforming the laws of ancient Rome.
Vocab:
A collection, organization, and revision of Roman laws organized by a Byzantine emperor and later serving as a model for the Catholic Church and medieval monarchs.
Justinian’s Code
Frankish Queen who helped convert her husband to Christianity
Clothilde
This person known for her powerful intelligence and shrewd political insight, also exerted decisive influence in Byzantine political affairs. Who is she?
Theodora
Video Question:
How did the fall of Rome impact Western Europe?
A. Trade slowed greatly, and Western Europe became politically divided.
B. Cities grew rapidly, and Western Europe’s economies expanded.
C. Western Europe’s contact with advanced civilizations in Asia increased.
D. Waves of Roman immigrants settled in a thriving Western Europe.
A. Trade slowed greatly, and Western Europe became politically divided.
Vocab:
ruler who has complete authority
autocrat
Germans that settled in the Roman Empire to depict it
Federates
Who was mentioned by name in almost every law passed during Justinian’s reign.
Theodora
Video Question:
How did Germanic tribes carve Europe into small kingdoms?
A. Germanic leaders formed strong alliances.
B. Germanic traders set up free-trade zones.
C. Germanic priests unified religious groups.
D. Germanic kings waged wars of conquest.
D. Germanic kings waged wars of conquest.
Vocab:
This person (497–548) was the wife of the emperor Justinian and was his most trusted advisor.
Theodora
Frankish King who converted to Christianity
Clovis
Who used their position and power to advance her interests, including pioneering efforts for women’s rights.
Theodora
Video Question:
How did Justinian’s Code influence Western political and legal traditions?
A. It provided useful models for modern political campaigns.
B. It encouraged European rulers to decentralize their power.
C. It codified principles that many legal systems still use.
D. It supported the development of parliamentary democracy.
C. It codified principles that many legal systems still use.
Vocab:
referring to the Middle Ages in Europe or the period of history between ancient and modern times
medieval
Roman military Learder who may have been King Arthur
Riothamus
Who instituted reforms to stop imperial corruption and promote justice for his subjects.
Justinian
Video Question:
How did King Philip August change France?
A. He took control of English lands in Normandy and Anjou.
B. He conquered England, taking power from its Anglo-Saxon rulers.
C. He fought with the pope and gained control of the Church in France.
D. He lost control of France to rebellious noblemen.
A. He took control of English lands in Normandy and Anjou.
Vocab:
a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s
Franks
Mayor of the Palace who defeated an Arab invasion of France in 732
Charles Martel
This person ruled much of Gaul from the late fifth century until 511. His kingdom, which expanded south and west from what is present-day Belgium and northeastern France, was the most powerful in Gaul.
Clovis
Video Question:
How would you BEST describe the factors contributing to the development of the political and social system of feudalism?
A. Vandals, Goths, and Saxons arriving in Europe caused great economic growth.
B. The population of cities declined so rapidly that rulers could not maintain order.
C. Invasions led to the development of a new system to provide protection.
D. The powerful Roman army continued to safeguard citizens of the empire.
C. Invasions led to the development of a new system to provide protection.
Vocab:
This person (466–511) is known as the political and religious founder of the kingdom of the Franks.
Clovis
2 ways of proving innocence in early Germanic trails
Ordeal Oath
What is Emporer Justinian’s most influential achievement?
Justinian’s Code
Video Question:
Which could MOST likely have led to low life expectancy for peasants?
A. They could be hurt while away from the manor on the lord’s service.
B. They received no or inadequate medical treatment for their illnesses.
C. They could be at risk of injury or death during attacks by rival lords.
D. They worked hard and had poor diets, so were vulnerable to disease.
D. They worked hard and had poor diets, so were vulnerable to disease.
Vocab:
This person Served as mayor of the palace (the person who ruled in the name of the king) for the eastern part of the Frankish kingdom from 715 until 741.
Charles Martel
Anglo-Saxon Scholar hired by Charlemagne to run his place schools
Alcuin
What was the most powerful country in Gaul.
France
Video Question:
How was the Church an obstacle to monarchs who wanted more power?
A. It challenged monarchs’ attempts to control the clergy.
B. It promoted the development of individual rights.
C. It incited nobles to revolt against monarchs.
D. It sent armies against the monarchs of Europe.
A. It challenged monarchs’ attempts to control the clergy.
Vocab:
This person was the illegitimate son of the former mayor, Martel seized power, eventually reunited, and then ruled the entire kingdom of the Franks.
Charles Martel
What was the name of the guy in the Norman-style video?
William the Conqueror
Vocab:
Since 711, Muslims had raided Frankish lands, and in 732 they reached Bordeaux. Called to help at the battle of Tours that year, this person’s cavalry halted this last great Muslim advance into Europe.
Charles Martel
Who was the most important ally of the Byzantine emperor Anastasius I.
Clovis
Video Question:
What was the obligation of nobles to the peasants on their estates?
A. to help them become self-sufficient
B. to provide a mill for them to use for free
C. to provide them with protection and land to farm
D. to pay them for their work
C. to provide them with protection and land to farm
Vocab:
battle in 732 in which the Christian Franks led by Charles Martel defeated the Muslim armies and stopped the Muslim advance into Europe
Battle of Tours
New type of architecture in the high Middle Ages
gothic
Vocab:
This person was king of the Franks, the Lombards, and emperor of the Romans, began as a warrior king seeking to conquer territory and distribute plunder in the Frankish tradition.
Charlemagne
Who supported strong laws to end the traffic in young women and revised divorce laws in favor of more benefits to women.
Theodora
Video Question:
What was the role of knights and nobles in the feudal system?
A. Chivalry served them as a way to attain positions of power.
B. They managed estates on behalf of the peasants.
C. They were mainly involved in manor duties and competing in tournaments.
D. As vassals, they swore loyalty and provided military service.
D. As vassals, they swore loyalty and provided military service.
Vocab:
an ethnic group centered in present-day Hungary
Magyars
Greek author rediscovered by Western Christian scholars during the 11th century
Aristotle
This person strove to unite and govern an increasingly diverse collection of conquered peoples as well as cope with threats from new invaders. This person was also known as Charles the Great
Charlemange
This person was born a pagan and corresponded with the powerful bishops of Gaul and, in 496 or perhaps later, became famous as one of the first Germanic kings to convert to Christianity.
Clovis
Video Question:
Which describes how noblewomen contributed to the economic system of manorialism?
A. They brought dowry income to their lord’s manor.
B. They managed the daily activities of their manor.
C. They fostered trade among peasants on their manor.
D. They left the manor to support their lord during war.
B. They managed the daily activities of their manor.
Vocab:
Scandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from the 700s through the 1100s
Vikings
Term for medieval scholars who studied the ancients and blended faith and reason
scholastics
This person conducted a long series of successful military campaigns, made efforts to spread Christianity and implement religious reform, sought to make more effective inherited political institutions and procedures, and supported cultural renewal through a revival of learning.
Charlemagne
Video Question:
The Magna Carta was important because it established
A. the principle that the monarch must obey the law.
B. the limitation of the rights of nobles and freemen.
C. the supremacy of the monarchy over the Church.
D. a Parliament of lords and common men.
A. the principle that the monarch must obey the law.
Early Norman rivals that fought over the throne when Henry I died
Matilda and Stephen
Vocab:
This person became the Duke of Normandy at age 7 and was knighted at age 15.
William the Conqueror
Early Norman rivals that fought over the throne when Henry I died
Matilda and Stephen
He pressured King Edward of England to name him heir to the throne. Upon Edward’s death, this person invaded England and won the throne after the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
William the Conqueror
Video Question:
How did Pope Innocent III challenge the power of Europe’s monarchs?
A. He stated that the pope was second only to God.
B. He authorized the Concordat of Worms.
C. He allied himself with the Albigensians against Phillip II.
D. He opposed efforts to reform the Church’s courts.
A. He stated that the pope was second only to God.
Person who called for the 1st crusade
Urban II
Vocab:
a legal system based on custom and court rulings
Common Law
Person who called for the 1st crusade
Urban II
Conflicts with the English nobles led to this person’s forced signature to Magna Carta in 1215, which limited the power of the English kings.
King John
Video Question:
What compromise resulted from the Concordat of Worms?
A. Henry IV claimed supremacy over secular rulers, and the Church was now able to grant land to vassals.
B. The Church was granted the power to elect and invest bishops, but the emperor could invest them with fiefs.
C. Pope Gregory VII was given the power to raise armies and collect taxes.
D. It banned the practice of lay investiture.
B. The Church was granted the power to elect and invest bishops, but the emperor could invest them with fiefs.
Name of document that ran and recognized towns
charter
Vocab:
This person was was a son of King Henry II. He seized control of the English throne when his brother, King Richard the Lionheart, was captured while on crusade.
King John
Document that ran and recognized towns
charter
Where did most of the Jews migrate to during the Late Middle Ages?
Eastern Europe
Video Question:
One way in which Russia’s geography affected its early history was that
A. the lack of natural barriers on the steppe encouraged migration.
B. the lack of fertile land promoted the development of trade.
C. the river network encouraged contact with Western Europe.
D. the mountains protected Russia from invasion.
A. the lack of natural barriers on the steppe encouraged migration.
Powerful duchess who was the wife of 2 kings and mother of 2 kings
Eleanor of Aquitane
Vocab:
The Great Charter approved by King John of England in 1215; it limited royal power and established certain rights of English freemen
Magna Carta
Powerful duchess who was the wife of 2 kings and mother of 2 kings
Eleanor of Aquitane
Which powerful king of England introduced land reforms and killed an archbishop?
Henry II
Video Question:
How did Ivan the Great and Ivan the Terrible change Russian government?
A. They followed Western European trends and abolished feudalism.
B. They gave more power to the Boyars
C. They moved the center of government from Kiev to Moscow.
D. They built an absolute monarchy and concentrated power in their own hands.
D. They built an absolute monarchy and concentrated power in their own hands.
Which powerful king of England introduced land reforms and killed an archbishop?
Henry II
Vocab:
the requirement that the government act fairly and in accordance with established rules in all that it does
Due process of law
Which powerful king of England introduced land reforms and killed an archbishop?
Henry II
Vocab:
This person was King of France from 1226 to 1270. He was one of the most popular kings of France.
Louis IX
Video Question:
Which of the following is a way that Mongol rule affected Russia?
A. It caused Russia to look to China for cultural and political influences.
B. It cut off Russia from Western Europe at a time of great scientific progress.
C. It prompted Russia to close itself off from the rest of Asia.
D. It made Islam the main religion of Russia.
B. It cut off Russia from Western Europe at a time of great scientific progress.
This person led the Seventh Crusade to the Holy Land and was canonized as a saint in recognition of his faith and services to the Church.
Louis IX
Vocab:
principle that a person cannot be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
Habeas Corpus
Medieval French Dynasty
Capetians
Vocab:
empire of west central Europe from 962 to 1806, comprising present-day Germany and neighboring lands
Holy Roman Empire
Video Question:
Which of the following items is one reason why Eastern Europe became a refuge for Jews?
A. Eastern Europe was at the end of a migration route from Spain.
B. Poland’s government established a policy of toleration toward Jews.
C. Hungary needed people to settle under-populated areas.
D. The Mongols drove Jewish people from Russia.
B. Poland’s government established a policy of toleration toward Jews.
Vocab:
This person achieved success in his battle with the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV on the matter of lay investiture.
Gregory VII
Vocab:
the legislature of England, and later of Great Britain
Parliament
Where was the Papacy moved in the early 1300s?
Avignon
This person greatly expanded papal power by claiming his supremacy over secular rulers.
Gregory VII
Video Questions:
How did Eastern Europe become home to so many ethnic groups?
A. Its geography isolated different groups from each other.
B. Its political development made it open to immigration.
C. Its geography and location facilitated migration.
D. Its location aided the development of cosmopolitan cities.
C. Its geography and location facilitated migration.
Vocab:
This person was a German king who became Holy Roman Emperor in 1084.
Henry IV
This person’s efforts to increase the power of the monarchy led him into conflict with Pope Gregory VIII over lay investiture
Henry IV
Gregory excommunicated this person but later reinstated him in the church after they did their penance.
Henry IV
Vocab:
appointment of bishops by anyone who is not a member of the clergy
Lay investiture
Pope who was captured and deposed by French King.
Pope Boniface VIII
Vocab:
This person was a German king who became Holy Roman Emperor in 1152.
Frederick Barbarossa
This person fought hard against growing papal authority and led six expeditions into Italy in an attempt to increase his royal holdings. He died while on the Third Crusade.
Frederick Barbarossa
English King who called the Model Parliament
Edward I
2 of the rulers who went on the 3rd Crusade
Fredrick Barbarossa, Richard the Lionhearted, Philip Augustus II
Most powerful medieval pope
innocent III
Term for large scale attack on Jews
pogroms
French King who deposed a Pope over taxing clergy
Philip IV
2 Holy Roman Emperors from 1000-1300s
Frederick Barbarossa, Otto I, Henry IV
Vocab: This person was only 37 years old when he became pope and quickly extended the authority of the papacy over Rome and in Italy.
Pope Innocent III
When King John of England appointed the archbishop of Canterbury without this person’s approval, the pope excommunicated John.
Pope Innocent III
