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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 9 Reproduction > Flashcards

Unit 9 Reproduction Flashcards

0
Q

Differentiation continues throughout life among certain cells:

A

Stem cells

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1
Q

Differentiation involves what?

A

The cells becoming different

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2
Q

Somatic (body) cells have how many chromosomes?

A

46

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3
Q

Somatic cell chromosomes exist in how many pairs?

A

23

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4
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells are:

A

Autosomes

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5
Q

1 pair of chromosomes of somatic cells are:

A

Sex chromosomes

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6
Q

Maternal chromosomes come from?

A

Mother

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7
Q

Paternal chromosomes come from?

A

Father

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8
Q

Germ cells have how many chromosomes?

A

23

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9
Q

A karyotype is what?

A

A picture of the chromosomes

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10
Q

Mitosis is what?

A

Cell division which creates identical cells

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11
Q

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which:

A
  1. Functions to divide the chromosomes number in half

2. Functions to counteract fertilization which doubles the chromosomes number

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12
Q

Stages of meiosis include two divisions:

A
  1. First meiotic division

2. Second meiotic division

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13
Q

Reproduction is what?

A

Formation of a new organism from parent organism

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14
Q

Reproduction is not essential for survival but for?

A

Survival of the species

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15
Q

Two types of reproduction exist:

A
  1. Asexual

2. Sexual

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16
Q

In asexual reproduction fusion of two cell nuclei is ____

A

Absent

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17
Q

Examples of asexual reproduction are:

A
  1. Mitosis

2. Fission in microorganisms

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18
Q

In sexual reproduction fusion of two cell nuclei is ___

A

Present

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19
Q

Sexual reproduction does what?

A

Creates and maintains variations in the population

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20
Q

Sexual reproduction requires gametes produced by:

A

Gametogenesis

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21
Q

Two types of gametes are:

A
  1. Sperm

2. Egg

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22
Q

Characteristics of sperm are:

A
  1. Small
  2. Motile
  3. Head containing an acrosome
  4. Tail
  5. Flagellum
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23
Q

Characteristics of the egg are:

A
  1. Large
  2. Non-motile
  3. Contains yolk
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24
Two types of gametogenesis are:
1. Spermatogenesis | 2. Oogenesis
25
Spermatogenesis
Occurs in the testes and forms sperm
26
Oogenesis
Occurs in the ovaries and forms eggs
27
Fertilization is what?
The fusion of egg and sperm
28
Fertilization creates what?
A diploid cell from haploid cells
29
Heredity
The passing of characteristics from one generation to the next
30
Genetics
The study of heredity
31
P
The parent generation
32
F1
The first filial (offspring) generation
33
F2
The second filial (offspring) generation
34
Homologous chromosome
The pair of chromosomes
35
Locus
The spot on a chromosome where a gene is located
36
Allele
Alternate form of a gene
37
Dominant
The allele whose characteristic shows up in the organism
38
Recessive
The allele whose characteristic is hidden by a dominant allele
39
Homozygous
Condition in which the 2 alleles of a gene are alike
40
Heterozygous
Condition in which the 2 alleles of a gene are different
41
Hybrid
An organism heterozygous for any trait
42
Purebred
An organism homozygous for any trait
43
Gene expression
The development of a phenotype from a gene
44
Genotypes
The type of genes
45
Phenotype
The characteristics of the organism
46
Male external organs called genetalia include:
1. Scrotum | 2. Penis
47
Associated male internal organs include:
1. Urinary bladder | 2. Ureters
48
Scrotum contains:
1. Dartos muscle 2. Cremaster muscle 3. Gubernaculums 4. Tunica vaginalis
49
Dartus muscle
Smooth muscle to wrinkle the scrotal skin to conserve heat
50
Cremaster muscles
Skeletal muscle to raises and lowers testes
51
Guberbaculums
Fibromuscular cord that pulls the testes into the scrotum
52
Tunica vaginalis
Double layer of peritoneum surrounding the testes
53
Testes develop where?
In the abdomen before birth
54
Seminiferous tubules produce what?
Sperm
55
Subdivisions of seminiferous tubules include:
1. Tubuli recti | 2. Rete testis
56
Cells of the seminiferous tubules include:
1. Sertoli | 2. Germ cells
57
Efferent ducts transport what?
Sperm
58
Epididymis does what?
Stores and matures the sperm
59
Ductus (vas) deferens transport what?
Sperm
60
Ejaculatory duct transports what?
Sperm
61
Seminal vesicles secrete:
1. Fructose 2. Fibrinogen 3. Prostaglandins
62
Prostate gland secretes:
1. Enzymes 2. Lipids 3. Citric acid 4. Ca++
63
Cowper's (bulbourethral) glands secrete:
Mucus

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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