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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 9 Reproduction > Flashcards

Unit 9 Reproduction Flashcards

0
Q

Differentiation continues throughout life among certain cells:

A

Stem cells

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1
Q

Differentiation involves what?

A

The cells becoming different

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2
Q

Somatic (body) cells have how many chromosomes?

A

46

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3
Q

Somatic cell chromosomes exist in how many pairs?

A

23

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4
Q

22 pairs of chromosomes in somatic cells are:

A

Autosomes

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5
Q

1 pair of chromosomes of somatic cells are:

A

Sex chromosomes

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6
Q

Maternal chromosomes come from?

A

Mother

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7
Q

Paternal chromosomes come from?

A

Father

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8
Q

Germ cells have how many chromosomes?

A

23

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9
Q

A karyotype is what?

A

A picture of the chromosomes

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10
Q

Mitosis is what?

A

Cell division which creates identical cells

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11
Q

Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division which:

A
  1. Functions to divide the chromosomes number in half

2. Functions to counteract fertilization which doubles the chromosomes number

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12
Q

Stages of meiosis include two divisions:

A
  1. First meiotic division

2. Second meiotic division

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13
Q

Reproduction is what?

A

Formation of a new organism from parent organism

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14
Q

Reproduction is not essential for survival but for?

A

Survival of the species

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15
Q

Two types of reproduction exist:

A
  1. Asexual

2. Sexual

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16
Q

In asexual reproduction fusion of two cell nuclei is ____

A

Absent

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17
Q

Examples of asexual reproduction are:

A
  1. Mitosis

2. Fission in microorganisms

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18
Q

In sexual reproduction fusion of two cell nuclei is ___

A

Present

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19
Q

Sexual reproduction does what?

A

Creates and maintains variations in the population

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20
Q

Sexual reproduction requires gametes produced by:

A

Gametogenesis

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21
Q

Two types of gametes are:

A
  1. Sperm

2. Egg

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22
Q

Characteristics of sperm are:

A
  1. Small
  2. Motile
  3. Head containing an acrosome
  4. Tail
  5. Flagellum
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23
Q

Characteristics of the egg are:

A
  1. Large
  2. Non-motile
  3. Contains yolk
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24
Q

Two types of gametogenesis are:

A
  1. Spermatogenesis

2. Oogenesis

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25
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Occurs in the testes and forms sperm

26
Q

Oogenesis

A

Occurs in the ovaries and forms eggs

27
Q

Fertilization is what?

A

The fusion of egg and sperm

28
Q

Fertilization creates what?

A

A diploid cell from haploid cells

29
Q

Heredity

A

The passing of characteristics from one generation to the next

30
Q

Genetics

A

The study of heredity

31
Q

P

A

The parent generation

32
Q

F1

A

The first filial (offspring) generation

33
Q

F2

A

The second filial (offspring) generation

34
Q

Homologous chromosome

A

The pair of chromosomes

35
Q

Locus

A

The spot on a chromosome where a gene is located

36
Q

Allele

A

Alternate form of a gene

37
Q

Dominant

A

The allele whose characteristic shows up in the organism

38
Q

Recessive

A

The allele whose characteristic is hidden by a dominant allele

39
Q

Homozygous

A

Condition in which the 2 alleles of a gene are alike

40
Q

Heterozygous

A

Condition in which the 2 alleles of a gene are different

41
Q

Hybrid

A

An organism heterozygous for any trait

42
Q

Purebred

A

An organism homozygous for any trait

43
Q

Gene expression

A

The development of a phenotype from a gene

44
Q

Genotypes

A

The type of genes

45
Q

Phenotype

A

The characteristics of the organism

46
Q

Male external organs called genetalia include:

A
  1. Scrotum

2. Penis

47
Q

Associated male internal organs include:

A
  1. Urinary bladder

2. Ureters

48
Q

Scrotum contains:

A
  1. Dartos muscle
  2. Cremaster muscle
  3. Gubernaculums
  4. Tunica vaginalis
49
Q

Dartus muscle

A

Smooth muscle to wrinkle the scrotal skin to conserve heat

50
Q

Cremaster muscles

A

Skeletal muscle to raises and lowers testes

51
Q

Guberbaculums

A

Fibromuscular cord that pulls the testes into the scrotum

52
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Double layer of peritoneum surrounding the testes

53
Q

Testes develop where?

A

In the abdomen before birth

54
Q

Seminiferous tubules produce what?

A

Sperm

55
Q

Subdivisions of seminiferous tubules include:

A
  1. Tubuli recti

2. Rete testis

56
Q

Cells of the seminiferous tubules include:

A
  1. Sertoli

2. Germ cells

57
Q

Efferent ducts transport what?

A

Sperm

58
Q

Epididymis does what?

A

Stores and matures the sperm

59
Q

Ductus (vas) deferens transport what?

A

Sperm

60
Q

Ejaculatory duct transports what?

A

Sperm

61
Q

Seminal vesicles secrete:

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Fibrinogen
  3. Prostaglandins
62
Q

Prostate gland secretes:

A
  1. Enzymes
  2. Lipids
  3. Citric acid
  4. Ca++
63
Q

Cowper’s (bulbourethral) glands secrete:

A

Mucus

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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