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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 12-1 Anatomy of the Circulatory System > Flashcards

Unit 12-1 Anatomy of the Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The circulation involves what two circuits?

A
  1. Pulmonary Circuit

2. Systemic Circuit

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2
Q

The Pulmonary Circuit transports blood from ____ to the _____

A

Right heart; Left heart

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3
Q

The Systemic Circuit transports blood from ____ to the ____

A

Left heart; Right heart

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4
Q

External structures of the heart include these three groups?

A
  1. Pericardial Membranes
  2. Surface Features
  3. Grooves
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5
Q

What are the two membranes that make up the Pericardial Membrane?

A
  1. Parietal Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)

2. Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)

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6
Q

What are the 4 surface features of the heart?

A
  1. Apex
  2. Base
  3. Atria
  4. Ventricles
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7
Q

What is the Apex?

A

The pointed lower end of the heart

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8
Q

What is the Base?

A

The upper end of the heart

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9
Q

What is the Atria surface feature of the heart?

A

Upper chambers that appear to be attached to the outside of the heart (also called auricles)

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10
Q

What are Ventricles?

A

Lower chambers of the heart

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11
Q

What are the two Grooves of the heart?

A
  1. Atrioventricular Groove

2. Interventricular Groove

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12
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular Groove?

A

Between the atria and the ventricles

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13
Q

Where is the Interventricular Groove?

A

Between the right and left ventricles

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14
Q

What are the 5 types of internal structures of the heart?

A
  1. Myocardium
  2. Chambers
  3. Walls
  4. Valves
  5. Other Structures
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15
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

The cardiac muscle within the walls

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16
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  1. Left Ventricle
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Right Atrium
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17
Q

The left ventricle possesses ____ lateral walls

A

Thick

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18
Q

The right ventricle possesses ____ lateral walls

A

Thin

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19
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the _____

A

Pulmonary Vein

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20
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the _____

A

Vena Cavae

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21
Q

What are the three walls of the heart?

A
  1. Interatrial Septum
  2. Atrioventricular Septum
  3. Interventricular Septum
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22
Q

Where is the Interatrial Septum?

A

Between the two atria

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23
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular Septum?

A

Between the atria and ventricles

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24
Q

Where is the Interventricular Septum?

A

Between the left and right ventricles

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25
What are the two major types of valves in the heart?
1. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves | 2. Semilunar Valves
26
Where are the AV Valves?
Between the atria and ventricles
27
What are the two types of AV valves in the heart?
1. Tricuspid Valve | 2. Bicuspod Valve
28
Where is the Tricuspid Valve?
Between the right atrium and ventricle
29
Where is the Bicuspid Valve?
Between the left atrium and ventricle
30
Where are Semilunar Valves?
Ventricles and major arteries draining the heart
31
What are two types of Semilunar Valves?
1. Aortic Semilunar Valve | 2. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
32
Where is the Aortic Semilunar Valve?
Between the right atrium and ventricle
33
Where is the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve?
Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk
34
What are the 4 Other Strucutures of the heart?
1. Endocardium 2. Chordae Tendinae 3. Papillary Muscles 4. Trabeculae Carnae
35
What is the Endocardium?
A slick inner lining of the heart
36
What is the Chordae Tendinae?
A tough connective tissue cords connecting the atrioventricular valves to the inside ventricular walls
37
What are Papillary Muscles?
Inside ventricular walls to which chordae tendinae are attached
38
What are Trabeculae Carae?
Ridges and grooves in the endocardium
39
What are the 6 major vessels of the heart?
1. Pulmonary Trunk 2. Aorta 3. Superior Vena Cava 4. Inferior Vena Cava 5. Pulmonary Veins 6. Ductus Arteriosus
40
What are Coronary Arteries?
Vessels along the surface of the heart which supply blood to the cardiac muscle
41
The right coronary artery supplies blood to what 3 things?
1. R. ventricular wall 2. Posterios L. ventricular walls 3. Nodal tissue
42
The left coronary artery supples blood to what 2 things?
1. Circumflex a. | 2. Anterior descending a.
43
The Circumfelx a. supplies the ____
Later L. ventricular wall
44
The anterior descending a. supples ____ and ____
Anterior L. ventricular wall; Interventricular septum
45
What are Cardiac (Coronary) Veins?
Vessesl along the surface of the heart which drain blood from the cardiac muscle into the coronary sinus
46
What is the Coronary Sinus?
A large vein draining the cardiac veins into the right atrium located on the posterior surface of the heart between the right atrium and ventricle
47
Intramural p changes during the ____, alters blood flow through the _____ circulation, and ____ fill during relaxation
Cardiac cycle; Coronary; Coroanry a.
48
During external development of the heart , the heart begins as a pair of ___, the vessels fuse into a ____ vessel, the vessel bends into a ____ shape
Vessels; single; S
49
During internal development of the heart, the heart is divided into four chambers by:
1. Atrioventricular septum 2. Interventricular septum 3. Partial interatrial septum with a valve-like hole; the foramen ovale
50
During the development of the heart the fetal circulation bypasses the lungs, blood exits the right ventricle through the ____ and ductus arteriosus into the aorta, blood flows from the right atrium into the left atrium through the _____
Pulmonary trunk; Foramen Ovale
51
During the development of the heart at birth, with the first breath, the lungs expand, a ___ pressure in the lungs is created, blood flows from the region of ___ pressure(into the lungs), blood returns to the ____
Low; Lowest; Left Atrium
52
Arterioles are ______
Specialized arteries
53
Venules are ____
Specialized veins
54
Over ____ of the blood in veins is at rest
2/3
55
The vessel walls have ___ tunics
3
56
What are the 3 tunics of vessel walls?
1. Inner tunica 2. Middle tunica 3. Outer tunica
57
What are Vasa Vasorium?
Vessles within the walls of larger vessels
58
Capillaries allow material to enter and exit the ___
Blood
59
Water soluble substances pass through ____ in capillaries
Intercellular junctions
60
Lipid soluble substances pass through ____ in capillaries
Endothelial cells
61
Each pound of fat requires ___ miles of capillaries
200
62
Venules in those specialized lymphoid organs are _____(HEV), composed of cuboidal endothelial cells for ease of movement of ___ through walls
High Endothelial Venules; WBC
63
Endothelium produces ____ such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins, ____ such as angiotensin converting enzyme, _____ such as prostaglandins, and ____ such as platelet activating factor.
Vasodilators; Vasoconstrictors; Anticoagulants; Coagulant
64
The aorta conducts systemic blood away from the heart into these 7 major branches:
1. Brachiocephalic artery 2. Left common carotid artery 3. Left Subclavian Artery 4. Celiac artery 5. Superior mesenteric artery 6. Renal arterires 7. Common iliac arteries
65
The superior vena cava drains systemic blood from the brachiocephalic vein (paired) which receive blood from these 3 things:
1. Subclavian vein 2. External jugular vein 3. Internal jugular vein
66
The inferior vena cava receives systemic blood from these 3 things:
1. Hepatic Vein 2. Renal vein 3. Common illiac vein
67
The hepatic portal vein conducts blood to the liver from these 3 things:
1. Splenic vein 2. Gastric vein 3. Superior mesenteric vein
68
The pulmonary circuit includes these 2 things:
1. Pulmonary arteries | 2. Pulmonary veins
69
What do superior veins do?
Return blood from the head, arms and upper chest to the heart beginning with the superior vena cava
70
The superior vena cava is a single large vessel extending toward the ____, branches include: ____ and _____
Head; Azygous V.; Brachiocephalic

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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