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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 12-1 Anatomy of the Circulatory System > Flashcards

Unit 12-1 Anatomy of the Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The circulation involves what two circuits?

A
  1. Pulmonary Circuit

2. Systemic Circuit

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2
Q

The Pulmonary Circuit transports blood from ____ to the _____

A

Right heart; Left heart

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3
Q

The Systemic Circuit transports blood from ____ to the ____

A

Left heart; Right heart

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4
Q

External structures of the heart include these three groups?

A
  1. Pericardial Membranes
  2. Surface Features
  3. Grooves
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5
Q

What are the two membranes that make up the Pericardial Membrane?

A
  1. Parietal Pericardium (Pericardial Sac)

2. Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)

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6
Q

What are the 4 surface features of the heart?

A
  1. Apex
  2. Base
  3. Atria
  4. Ventricles
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7
Q

What is the Apex?

A

The pointed lower end of the heart

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8
Q

What is the Base?

A

The upper end of the heart

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9
Q

What is the Atria surface feature of the heart?

A

Upper chambers that appear to be attached to the outside of the heart (also called auricles)

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10
Q

What are Ventricles?

A

Lower chambers of the heart

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11
Q

What are the two Grooves of the heart?

A
  1. Atrioventricular Groove

2. Interventricular Groove

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12
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular Groove?

A

Between the atria and the ventricles

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13
Q

Where is the Interventricular Groove?

A

Between the right and left ventricles

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14
Q

What are the 5 types of internal structures of the heart?

A
  1. Myocardium
  2. Chambers
  3. Walls
  4. Valves
  5. Other Structures
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15
Q

What is the Myocardium?

A

The cardiac muscle within the walls

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16
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A
  1. Left Ventricle
  2. Right Ventricle
  3. Left Atrium
  4. Right Atrium
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17
Q

The left ventricle possesses ____ lateral walls

A

Thick

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18
Q

The right ventricle possesses ____ lateral walls

A

Thin

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19
Q

The left atrium receives blood from the _____

A

Pulmonary Vein

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20
Q

The right atrium receives blood from the _____

A

Vena Cavae

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21
Q

What are the three walls of the heart?

A
  1. Interatrial Septum
  2. Atrioventricular Septum
  3. Interventricular Septum
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22
Q

Where is the Interatrial Septum?

A

Between the two atria

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23
Q

Where is the Atrioventricular Septum?

A

Between the atria and ventricles

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24
Q

Where is the Interventricular Septum?

A

Between the left and right ventricles

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25
Q

What are the two major types of valves in the heart?

A
  1. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves

2. Semilunar Valves

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26
Q

Where are the AV Valves?

A

Between the atria and ventricles

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27
Q

What are the two types of AV valves in the heart?

A
  1. Tricuspid Valve

2. Bicuspod Valve

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28
Q

Where is the Tricuspid Valve?

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle

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29
Q

Where is the Bicuspid Valve?

A

Between the left atrium and ventricle

30
Q

Where are Semilunar Valves?

A

Ventricles and major arteries draining the heart

31
Q

What are two types of Semilunar Valves?

A
  1. Aortic Semilunar Valve

2. Pulmonary Semilunar Valve

32
Q

Where is the Aortic Semilunar Valve?

A

Between the right atrium and ventricle

33
Q

Where is the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve?

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

34
Q

What are the 4 Other Strucutures of the heart?

A
  1. Endocardium
  2. Chordae Tendinae
  3. Papillary Muscles
  4. Trabeculae Carnae
35
Q

What is the Endocardium?

A

A slick inner lining of the heart

36
Q

What is the Chordae Tendinae?

A

A tough connective tissue cords connecting the atrioventricular valves to the inside ventricular walls

37
Q

What are Papillary Muscles?

A

Inside ventricular walls to which chordae tendinae are attached

38
Q

What are Trabeculae Carae?

A

Ridges and grooves in the endocardium

39
Q

What are the 6 major vessels of the heart?

A
  1. Pulmonary Trunk
  2. Aorta
  3. Superior Vena Cava
  4. Inferior Vena Cava
  5. Pulmonary Veins
  6. Ductus Arteriosus
40
Q

What are Coronary Arteries?

A

Vessels along the surface of the heart which supply blood to the cardiac muscle

41
Q

The right coronary artery supplies blood to what 3 things?

A
  1. R. ventricular wall
  2. Posterios L. ventricular walls
  3. Nodal tissue
42
Q

The left coronary artery supples blood to what 2 things?

A
  1. Circumflex a.

2. Anterior descending a.

43
Q

The Circumfelx a. supplies the ____

A

Later L. ventricular wall

44
Q

The anterior descending a. supples ____ and ____

A

Anterior L. ventricular wall; Interventricular septum

45
Q

What are Cardiac (Coronary) Veins?

A

Vessesl along the surface of the heart which drain blood from the cardiac muscle into the coronary sinus

46
Q

What is the Coronary Sinus?

A

A large vein draining the cardiac veins into the right atrium located on the posterior surface of the heart between the right atrium and ventricle

47
Q

Intramural p changes during the ____, alters blood flow through the _____ circulation, and ____ fill during relaxation

A

Cardiac cycle; Coronary; Coroanry a.

48
Q

During external development of the heart , the heart begins as a pair of ___, the vessels fuse into a ____ vessel, the vessel bends into a ____ shape

A

Vessels; single; S

49
Q

During internal development of the heart, the heart is divided into four chambers by:

A
  1. Atrioventricular septum
  2. Interventricular septum
  3. Partial interatrial septum with a valve-like hole; the foramen ovale
50
Q

During the development of the heart the fetal circulation bypasses the lungs, blood exits the right ventricle through the ____ and ductus arteriosus into the aorta, blood flows from the right atrium into the left atrium through the _____

A

Pulmonary trunk; Foramen Ovale

51
Q

During the development of the heart at birth, with the first breath, the lungs expand, a ___ pressure in the lungs is created, blood flows from the region of ___ pressure(into the lungs), blood returns to the ____

A

Low; Lowest; Left Atrium

52
Q

Arterioles are ______

A

Specialized arteries

53
Q

Venules are ____

A

Specialized veins

54
Q

Over ____ of the blood in veins is at rest

A

2/3

55
Q

The vessel walls have ___ tunics

A

3

56
Q

What are the 3 tunics of vessel walls?

A
  1. Inner tunica
  2. Middle tunica
  3. Outer tunica
57
Q

What are Vasa Vasorium?

A

Vessles within the walls of larger vessels

58
Q

Capillaries allow material to enter and exit the ___

A

Blood

59
Q

Water soluble substances pass through ____ in capillaries

A

Intercellular junctions

60
Q

Lipid soluble substances pass through ____ in capillaries

A

Endothelial cells

61
Q

Each pound of fat requires ___ miles of capillaries

A

200

62
Q

Venules in those specialized lymphoid organs are _____(HEV), composed of cuboidal endothelial cells for ease of movement of ___ through walls

A

High Endothelial Venules; WBC

63
Q

Endothelium produces ____ such as nitric oxide and prostaglandins, ____ such as angiotensin converting enzyme, _____ such as prostaglandins, and ____ such as platelet activating factor.

A

Vasodilators; Vasoconstrictors; Anticoagulants; Coagulant

64
Q

The aorta conducts systemic blood away from the heart into these 7 major branches:

A
  1. Brachiocephalic artery
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left Subclavian Artery
  4. Celiac artery
  5. Superior mesenteric artery
  6. Renal arterires
  7. Common iliac arteries
65
Q

The superior vena cava drains systemic blood from the brachiocephalic vein (paired) which receive blood from these 3 things:

A
  1. Subclavian vein
  2. External jugular vein
  3. Internal jugular vein
66
Q

The inferior vena cava receives systemic blood from these 3 things:

A
  1. Hepatic Vein
  2. Renal vein
  3. Common illiac vein
67
Q

The hepatic portal vein conducts blood to the liver from these 3 things:

A
  1. Splenic vein
  2. Gastric vein
  3. Superior mesenteric vein
68
Q

The pulmonary circuit includes these 2 things:

A
  1. Pulmonary arteries

2. Pulmonary veins

69
Q

What do superior veins do?

A

Return blood from the head, arms and upper chest to the heart beginning with the superior vena cava

70
Q

The superior vena cava is a single large vessel extending toward the ____, branches include: ____ and _____

A

Head; Azygous V.; Brachiocephalic

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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