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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 11 Immune System > Flashcards

Unit 11 Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance is the ability to avoid _____

A

Disiease

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2
Q

Susceptibility is the lack of _____

A

Resistance

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3
Q

Molecules (molecular effectors) in the immune system include what 4 things?

A
  1. T-cell receptors
  2. Antibodies
  3. Complement
  4. Others
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4
Q

Cells (Cellular effectors) in the immune system include what 4 things?

A
  1. T-cells
  2. B-cells
  3. Macrophages
  4. Other
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5
Q

External harm from ____ and ____ continuosly threaten.

A
  1. Injury

2. Infection

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6
Q

____ results in damaged tissues to allow disease causing agents to enter the body.

A

Injury

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7
Q

_____ is the presence of germs which may lead to disease.

A

Infection

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8
Q

____ is not the same as disease.

A

Infection

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9
Q

Infection is the presence of ____ which may lead to disease.

A

Germs

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10
Q

____ are the germs (infectious agents, pathogens)

A

Antigens

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11
Q

____ prevent the entrance of AG and include what 4 things?

A

Barriers

  1. Skin
  2. Mucus Membranes
  3. Cilia
  4. Acid
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12
Q

An immune response is a reaction between the _____ and _____

A

Immune system; Antigen

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13
Q

The immune response will ____ and _____ the AG

A

Neutralize; Destroy

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14
Q

______ is a lack of IR to host cells which develops before _____

A

Immune tolerance; birth

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15
Q

Non-specific immunity(also called resistance) has two major characterstics:

A
  1. Functions against variety of AG

2. Roughly mediated by myeloid cells

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16
Q

Examples of non-specific immunity include what two things?

A
  1. Barriers

2. Fever

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17
Q

Fever functions to ____ metabolism of IS and ____ reproduction of microorganisms

A

Increase; decrease

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18
Q

Fever is caused by setting the _________ to a higher temperature

A

Hypothalamic thermostat

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19
Q

Fever is mediated by _____ released in the brain

A

Prostoglandins

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20
Q

Prostaglandins also function to _____ pain and ______ pyrogen release from WBC

A

Increase; Increase

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21
Q

Synthesis of prostaglandin is decreased by ____

A

Aspirin

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22
Q

Fever is also mediated by _______

A

Endogenous pyrogens

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23
Q

Endogenous pyrogens are released from ____ and ____

A

Monocytes; MP

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24
Q

Examples of endogeous pyrogens are:

A

Interleukin 1; Other Peptides

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25
The symptoms of inflammation are:
1. Pain 2. Redness 3. Swelling (Edema) 4. Heat 5. Increased numbers of WBC
26
The function of inflammation includes the transport ____ to site and _____ of AG
Defenses; Destruction
27
The steps of inflammation are:
1. Vasodilation 2. Increase vessel permeability 3. Prevention of clotting in site 4. Formation of clot around site which prevents the spread of MO 5. Movement out of vessels 6. Phagocytosis
28
The mediators of inflammation are:
1. Vasodilators 2. Anticoagulants 3. Clotting factors
29
Vasodilators such as ____, ____, and ____ mediate inflammation
1. Histamine 2. Kinins 3. Complement C3a
30
Phagocytes are involved in _____
Inflammation
31
Examples of phagocytes include:
1. Nutrophils 2. Monocytes 3. Macrophages
32
Phagocytes are attracted by:
1. Kinins | 2. Complement C5a
33
Phagocytes exit vessels by:
1. Margination | 2. Diapedesis
34
Proteins (such as complement) act against ____
AG
35
Specific immunity functions against _______, it is roughly mediated by _____, it is very ____
Specific agents, Lymphoid cells, destructive
36
The primary response is the immune response after the first exposure to _____, is _____ and weak, usually sufficient to destroy the ____, and occurs in _____ tissue.
AG; slow; AG; Lymph
37
The secondary response is an _______ and requires ______
Immune response; memory cells
38
____ immunity produced by the IS
Active
39
____ immunity transferred from another organism
Passive
40
____ immunity acquired through exposure to the "wild" AG (disease)
Natural
41
_____ immunity acquired through exposure to the AG by medical intervention
Artificial
42
_______, the usual immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
43
______ by vaccines
Artificially acquired active immunity
44
________, immunity transferred to infant across placenta
Naturally acquired passive immunity
45
______, immunity transferred by injection
Artificially acquired passive immunity
46
Specific immunity identifies the AG with ______and destroys or _____ the AG
Recognition proteins; Neutralize
47
------- is one arm of the immune system
Cell-mediated
48
Cell-mediated immunity requires ______
T-cells
49
T-cells are a type of _________
Lymphocyte
50
The 3 major types of T-cells are:
1. Killer 2. Helper 3. Memory
51
T-cell have ______
T-cell receptors
52
T-cell receptors are inserted in the ______
Plasma membrane
53
T-cell function best against AG on:
1. Eukaryotic cells 2. Parasites 3. Tumor cells 4. Transplants 5. Virus-infected cells
54
_______(antibody-mediated) immunity is the other arm of the immune system
Humoral
55
Humoral immunity requires ______
B-cells
56
B-cells are a type of _____
Lymphocyte
57
Anitbodies are ______ proteins
Globular
58
AB are located in the _______ fraction of blood
Gamma Globulin
59
AB are produced by _____
B-cells
60
AB function by two actions:
1. Direct actions | 2. Indirect action
61
Direct action against the AG works by preventing spread of ___ and preventing attachment of ____
AG
62
Indirect action against the AG by mediating other functions such as:
1. Attracting phagocytes 2. Increasing phagocytosis 3. Activating complement 4. Promoting inflammation
63
AB structure has these characteristics:
1. Y-shaped molecules 2. Four polypeptides 3. Possess AG binding sites
64
Five classes of AB exist:
1. IgA 2. IgD 3. IgE 4. IgG 5. IgM
65
IgM has _____ binding sites
10
66
_______, an AB against toxins (produced commercially)
Antitoxin
67
______, serum containing AB
Antiserum
68
______, an AB against a particular AG are present
Seropositive
69
_______, the formation of AB against a specific AG
Seroconversion

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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