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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 11 Immune System > Flashcards

Unit 11 Immune System Flashcards

1
Q

Resistance is the ability to avoid _____

A

Disiease

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2
Q

Susceptibility is the lack of _____

A

Resistance

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3
Q

Molecules (molecular effectors) in the immune system include what 4 things?

A
  1. T-cell receptors
  2. Antibodies
  3. Complement
  4. Others
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4
Q

Cells (Cellular effectors) in the immune system include what 4 things?

A
  1. T-cells
  2. B-cells
  3. Macrophages
  4. Other
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5
Q

External harm from ____ and ____ continuosly threaten.

A
  1. Injury

2. Infection

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6
Q

____ results in damaged tissues to allow disease causing agents to enter the body.

A

Injury

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7
Q

_____ is the presence of germs which may lead to disease.

A

Infection

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8
Q

____ is not the same as disease.

A

Infection

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9
Q

Infection is the presence of ____ which may lead to disease.

A

Germs

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10
Q

____ are the germs (infectious agents, pathogens)

A

Antigens

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11
Q

____ prevent the entrance of AG and include what 4 things?

A

Barriers

  1. Skin
  2. Mucus Membranes
  3. Cilia
  4. Acid
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12
Q

An immune response is a reaction between the _____ and _____

A

Immune system; Antigen

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13
Q

The immune response will ____ and _____ the AG

A

Neutralize; Destroy

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14
Q

______ is a lack of IR to host cells which develops before _____

A

Immune tolerance; birth

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15
Q

Non-specific immunity(also called resistance) has two major characterstics:

A
  1. Functions against variety of AG

2. Roughly mediated by myeloid cells

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16
Q

Examples of non-specific immunity include what two things?

A
  1. Barriers

2. Fever

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17
Q

Fever functions to ____ metabolism of IS and ____ reproduction of microorganisms

A

Increase; decrease

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18
Q

Fever is caused by setting the _________ to a higher temperature

A

Hypothalamic thermostat

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19
Q

Fever is mediated by _____ released in the brain

A

Prostoglandins

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20
Q

Prostaglandins also function to _____ pain and ______ pyrogen release from WBC

A

Increase; Increase

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21
Q

Synthesis of prostaglandin is decreased by ____

A

Aspirin

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22
Q

Fever is also mediated by _______

A

Endogenous pyrogens

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23
Q

Endogenous pyrogens are released from ____ and ____

A

Monocytes; MP

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24
Q

Examples of endogeous pyrogens are:

A

Interleukin 1; Other Peptides

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25
Q

The symptoms of inflammation are:

A
  1. Pain
  2. Redness
  3. Swelling (Edema)
  4. Heat
  5. Increased numbers of WBC
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26
Q

The function of inflammation includes the transport ____ to site and _____ of AG

A

Defenses; Destruction

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27
Q

The steps of inflammation are:

A
  1. Vasodilation
  2. Increase vessel permeability
  3. Prevention of clotting in site
  4. Formation of clot around site which prevents the spread of MO
  5. Movement out of vessels
  6. Phagocytosis
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28
Q

The mediators of inflammation are:

A
  1. Vasodilators
  2. Anticoagulants
  3. Clotting factors
29
Q

Vasodilators such as ____, ____, and ____ mediate inflammation

A
  1. Histamine
  2. Kinins
  3. Complement C3a
30
Q

Phagocytes are involved in _____

A

Inflammation

31
Q

Examples of phagocytes include:

A
  1. Nutrophils
  2. Monocytes
  3. Macrophages
32
Q

Phagocytes are attracted by:

A
  1. Kinins

2. Complement C5a

33
Q

Phagocytes exit vessels by:

A
  1. Margination

2. Diapedesis

34
Q

Proteins (such as complement) act against ____

A

AG

35
Q

Specific immunity functions against _______, it is roughly mediated by _____, it is very ____

A

Specific agents, Lymphoid cells, destructive

36
Q

The primary response is the immune response after the first exposure to _____, is _____ and weak, usually sufficient to destroy the ____, and occurs in _____ tissue.

A

AG; slow; AG; Lymph

37
Q

The secondary response is an _______ and requires ______

A

Immune response; memory cells

38
Q

____ immunity produced by the IS

A

Active

39
Q

____ immunity transferred from another organism

A

Passive

40
Q

____ immunity acquired through exposure to the “wild” AG (disease)

A

Natural

41
Q

_____ immunity acquired through exposure to the AG by medical intervention

A

Artificial

42
Q

_______, the usual immunity

A

Naturally acquired active immunity

43
Q

______ by vaccines

A

Artificially acquired active immunity

44
Q

________, immunity transferred to infant across placenta

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

45
Q

______, immunity transferred by injection

A

Artificially acquired passive immunity

46
Q

Specific immunity identifies the AG with ______and destroys or _____ the AG

A

Recognition proteins; Neutralize

47
Q

——- is one arm of the immune system

A

Cell-mediated

48
Q

Cell-mediated immunity requires ______

A

T-cells

49
Q

T-cells are a type of _________

A

Lymphocyte

50
Q

The 3 major types of T-cells are:

A
  1. Killer
  2. Helper
  3. Memory
51
Q

T-cell have ______

A

T-cell receptors

52
Q

T-cell receptors are inserted in the ______

A

Plasma membrane

53
Q

T-cell function best against AG on:

A
  1. Eukaryotic cells
  2. Parasites
  3. Tumor cells
  4. Transplants
  5. Virus-infected cells
54
Q

_______(antibody-mediated) immunity is the other arm of the immune system

A

Humoral

55
Q

Humoral immunity requires ______

A

B-cells

56
Q

B-cells are a type of _____

A

Lymphocyte

57
Q

Anitbodies are ______ proteins

A

Globular

58
Q

AB are located in the _______ fraction of blood

A

Gamma Globulin

59
Q

AB are produced by _____

A

B-cells

60
Q

AB function by two actions:

A
  1. Direct actions

2. Indirect action

61
Q

Direct action against the AG works by preventing spread of ___ and preventing attachment of ____

A

AG

62
Q

Indirect action against the AG by mediating other functions such as:

A
  1. Attracting phagocytes
  2. Increasing phagocytosis
  3. Activating complement
  4. Promoting inflammation
63
Q

AB structure has these characteristics:

A
  1. Y-shaped molecules
  2. Four polypeptides
  3. Possess AG binding sites
64
Q

Five classes of AB exist:

A
  1. IgA
  2. IgD
  3. IgE
  4. IgG
  5. IgM
65
Q

IgM has _____ binding sites

A

10

66
Q

_______, an AB against toxins (produced commercially)

A

Antitoxin

67
Q

______, serum containing AB

A

Antiserum

68
Q

______, an AB against a particular AG are present

A

Seropositive

69
Q

_______, the formation of AB against a specific AG

A

Seroconversion

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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