Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 10 Blood & Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Unit 10 Blood & Lymphatic System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Circulatory System?

A
  1. Fluids (Located in Compartments)
  2. Lymphatic System
  3. Cardiovascular System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The Circulatory System functions in what 3 ways?

A
  1. Transport
  2. Immunity (Disease Defense)
  3. Self-protection (Clotting, Buffering)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The Fluids of the Circulatory Systems include _____ found in the Cardiovascular System.

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Fluids of the Circulatory System include ____ found in the Lymphatic System.

A

Lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Fluid of the Circulatory System includes ____ found among the tissue cells.

A

Interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The Lymphatic System includes what 3 parts?

A
  1. Lymph vessels
  2. Lymph Nodes
  3. Lymph Tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Cardiovascular System consists of what 2 things?

A
  1. Heart

2. Blood Vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The Cardiovascular System has a special inner lining ____ which is inside vessels and _____ which is inside the heart.

A

Endothelium; Endocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The blood consists of _____ and ____ ____

A

Plasma; Formed Elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Plasma is the ____ part; in males it comprises ____% of the blood, in females it comprises ____% of the blood.

A

Liquid; 60; 64

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plasma contains ____% water

A

90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Plasma contains ____% dissolved substances.

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The dissolved substances in Plasma include what 4 things?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Gasses
  3. Electrolytes
  4. Molecules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most proteins in the dissolved substances of the plasmid are produced in the _____.

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The dissolved substance Protein of Plasmids function either ____ or as _____

A

Individually; Systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The dissolved substance Protein of Plasmids that function as systems include ______, ______, ______.

A

Clotting Proteins; Kinins; Complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The proteins in Plasmids are structurally either ______ or _____ proteins.

A

Simple; Conjugated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Proteins in Plasmid have several general functions such as…

A
  1. Providing Colloidal OP
  2. Transport
  3. Immunity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Proteins of Plasmids include the following 3 groups..

A
  1. Albumens
  2. Globulins
  3. Clotting Factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The group Albumens of Proteins in plasmid function to transport ____.

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The Globulin group of Proteins in Plasmids have what 3 types and what are their functions?

A
  1. Alpha; Transport
  2. Beta; Transport
  3. Gamma; Are Antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Gamma Globulin Proteins in Plasmids make up ___% of plasma proteins.

A

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clotting Factors of Proteins in Plasmids include _____.

A

Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

_____ is plasma minus fibrinogen.

A

Serum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Of the dissolved substances in Plasmids, Gasses include _____, _____, and ______.

A

Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 5 Electrolytes in Plasmids?

A
  1. Sodium
  2. Potassium
  3. Chorine
  4. Bicarbonate
  5. Proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the 6 molecules in Plasmids?

A
  1. Amino Acids
  2. Fatty Acids
  3. Glucose
  4. Hormones
  5. Cholesterol
  6. Bilirubi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Formed elements are three types of cells in the blood, ___ ___ cells, ____ ____ cells, and ______

A

Red blood; White blood; Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The most common formed elements are the ___ blood cells.

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Red blood cells function to transport ____.

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Red blood cells structurally consist of a ____ disc.

A

Biconcave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Red blood cells are ___ microns in diamater.

A

7.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Red blood cells lack the usual _____ ____.

A

Cellular Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

On average there are ___ million/cubic mm of RBC’s.

A

5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

The Hematocrit(PCV) is the percentage of ____

A

RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

RBCs contain _____

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Hemoglobin is composed of the protein ____ and a ____.

A

Globin; Heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Heme is composed of ___ and ___.

A

Bilirubin; Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Hb plus O2 forms _______

A

Oxyhemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Arteries contain ___% HbO2

A

100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Arterial blood is _____ the exception is the _____ vein which contains arterial blood.

A

Oxygenated; Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Veins contain ____% of HbO2.

A

75

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Venus blood is _____ the exception is the _____ artery.

A

Deoxygenated; Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Average lifespan of a RBC is ____ days.

A

120

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Fragments of RBC are ingested by _____ in the reticulo-endothelial system.

A

Macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

The reticulo-endothelial system is located in what 5 areas of the body?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Lymph System
  3. Liver
  4. Lungs
  5. Spleen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

In macrophages the Hb is split into ___ which is recycled and ___.

A

Globin; Heme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

In macrophages the heme is split into ___ which is recycled and ____.

A

Iron; Bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

In macrophages the bilirubin is released from ____ and transported to the liver, if levels increase in circulation ____ results.

A

MP; Jaundice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

High levels of bilirubin are dangerous because it binds to cell membranes causing ___ ___.

A

Cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

High levels of bilirubin are dangerous because it might result in ____ _____.

A

Cerebral Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

In the liver, bilirubin is bound to ____ acid to make it water soluble.

A

Glucuronic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In the liver, bilirubin is transported through bile ducts to the ____.

A

Intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Anemia is a decrease in ____ or ____.

A

RBC; Hb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

_____ anemia, decreased iron diet.

A

Nutritional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

____ anemia causes bleeding.

A

Hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

_____ anemia, decreased vitamin B12.

A

Pernicious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

_____ anemia, increased breakdown of RBC.

A

Hemolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

_____ anemia, decreased RBC production.

A

Aplastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Blood type involves ___ on RBCs.

A

Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

RBC plasma membranes contain what 4 antigens?

A
  1. Antigen A
  2. Antigen B
  3. Antigen Rh
  4. Other antigens
61
Q

Plasma of RBCs contain what 3 antibodies?

A
  1. Anti A
  2. Anti B
  3. Anti Rh
62
Q

If blood contains complementary antigens and antibodies ____ will bind to _____.

A

Antigens; Antibodies

63
Q

If blood contains complementary antigens and antibodies RBC will _____.

A

Agglutinate

64
Q

Blood types are based on the _____.

A

Antigens

65
Q

In blood type A the blood contains Antigen ____ and Antibody ___.

A

A; b

66
Q

In blood type B, the blood contains Antigen ___ and Antibody ____.

A

B; a

67
Q

In blood type AB, the blood contains Antigen ____ and ____.

A

A & B; neither antibodies a nor b

68
Q

In blood type O, the blood contains ______ and Antibody ____.

A

Neither antigens A nor B; a & b

69
Q

In blood type Rh positive the Antigen Rh is _____ and the Antibody Rh is _____.

A

Present; Absent

70
Q

In the blood type Rh negative, Antigen Rh is ____ and Antibody Rh ____.

A

Absent; might be present

71
Q

Erythroblasotsis fetalis may occur if the fetus is ____ and the mother is ____.

A

Rh+; Rh-

72
Q

In Erythroblastosis fetalis, fetal __ antigens leak into the circulation of the ____.

A

Rh; mother

73
Q

In Erythroblastosis fetalis, the mother develops _____ antibodies.

A

Anti-Rh

74
Q

In Erythroblastosis fetalis, RBC will _____.

A

Agglutinate

75
Q

The second group of formed elements are the ____.

A

White blood cells

76
Q

In WBC about _____/mm3 are found circulating in the blood.

A

5000

77
Q

Most WBC do their work ____ the circulation.

A

Outside

78
Q

3/4 of WBC outside the circulation usually stick to _____(margination).

A

Capillary Walls

79
Q

WBC release many _____.

A

Chemical mediators

80
Q

Many WBC have ____(lysosomes) containing ____.

A

Granules; Enzymes

81
Q

Classification of granular WBC is based on _____.

A

Granule stains

82
Q

2 types of WBC are what?

A
  1. Granular

2. Agranular

83
Q

Granular WBC have obvious granules (lysosomes) in their ____.

A

Cytoplasm

84
Q

3 types of Granular WBC are:

A
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
85
Q

Eosinphils’ granules stain ____ (red) stains.

A

Acid

86
Q

Basophils which are similar to (or become) _____ cells, have granules that stain with ____ (purple) stains.

A

Mast; basic

87
Q

Neutrophils’ granules stain with ____ (purple) stains.

A

Neutral

88
Q

Neutrophils have ____ shaped nuclei, PMN polymorphonuclear.

A

Irregular

89
Q

Agranular WBC lack the obvious ____.

A

Granules

90
Q

2 types of Agranular WBC are:

A
  1. Monocytes

2. Lymphocytes

91
Q

Monocytes become _____ (MP) and ______ (MP).

A

Wandering macrophages; Fixed macrophages

92
Q

Fixed macrophages include: ____ in the brain, ____ cells in the liver, ____ in the bone, _____(MP) in the lungs, and ____ cells in the skin.

A

Microglia; Kupffer; Osteoclasts; Alveolar; Langerhans

93
Q

Lymphocytes become ____ which mature into plasma cells and ____.

A

B-cells; T-cells

94
Q

T-cells include ___ and ___ T-cells.

A

Helper; Killer

95
Q

WBC arise in ____.

A

Bone marrow

96
Q

These 4 WBC mature in the bone marrow from graulocyte-MP colony forming units (myeloid):

A
  1. Eosinophils
  2. Basophils
  3. Neutrophils
  4. Monocytes
97
Q

Lymphocytes mature in ____ tissue from _____ progenitor cells (lymphoid).

A

Lymph; B&T

98
Q

Eosinophils ____ antigen-antibody complexes and ___ parasitic worms.

A

Ingest; Kill

99
Q

Basophils release ____ such as histamine, _____ such as heparin, and other _____ substances.

A

Vasodilators; Anticoagulents; Vasoactive

100
Q

Neutrophils carry out ____

A

Phagocytosis

101
Q

Monocytes become ____ which have 2 functions: ____ & ____.

A

Macrophages; Regulation; Phagocytosis

102
Q

B-cells are involved in ____.

A

Antibody mediated (humoral) immunity

103
Q

T-cells are involved in _____.

A

Cell-mediated immunity

104
Q

The third group of formed elements are ____.

A

Platelets

105
Q

Platelets are involved in _____.

A

Clotting

106
Q

Platelets function in ____ and ____.

A

Hemostasis; Immunity

107
Q

Platelet structure includes ___ shape.

A

Flat

108
Q

Platelet structure includes nuclei ____.

A

Absent

109
Q

Platelets are ___ microns in diamter.

A

3

110
Q

Platelets contain ____ and ____.

A

Enzymes; Actin

111
Q

Platelets contain organelles including these 4:

A
  1. Mitochondria
  2. Microtubules
  3. Vesicles
  4. Granules
112
Q

About ____/mm3 of platelets are circulating in the blood.

A

250,000

113
Q

Platelets arise from _____.

A

Hemocytoblasts

114
Q

Hemocytoblasts become _____(MK) in the bone marrow.

A

Megakaryocytes

115
Q

MK fragment into thousands of ____.

A

Platelets

116
Q

_____ prevents loss of blood.

A

Hemostasis

117
Q

Hemostasis involves two opposing processes:

A
  1. Clot formation

2. Clot dissolving

118
Q

Requirements for hemostasis include intact small ____.

A

Blood vessels

119
Q

Requirements for hemostasis include adequate number of functional _____.

A

Platelets

120
Q

Requirements for hemostasis include normal amounts of ____ factors and _____ inhibitors.

A

Coagulation; Coagulation

121
Q

Requirements for hemostasis include adequate amounts of blood ____.

A

Ca++

122
Q

Hemostasis involves clot formation, the first step of this process is a _____.

A

Vascular spasm

123
Q

Vascular spasm is due to ____ responses and _____ reflexes.

A

Local; N.S.

124
Q

The degree of ____ affects vascular spasm.

A

Trauma

125
Q

Greater trauma increases ____.

A

Spasm

126
Q

Less trauma causes less ____.

A

Spasm

127
Q

Hemostasis involves clot formation, the second step is a _____ forms.

A

Platelet plug

128
Q

When a platelet plug forms the platelets become ____.

A

Sticky

129
Q

A platelet plug forms to plug the hole but no the ____; platelets do not stick to intact ______.

A

Vessel; Endothelium

130
Q

If platelet levels decrease, petechial _____ (pinpoint areas of bleeding) form.

A

Hemorrhages

131
Q

Hemostasis involves clot formation, the third step is ______ occurs.

A

Blood coagulation

132
Q

____ factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation.

A

Extrinsic

133
Q

Extrinsic factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation from damaged _____ or _____ outside vessels.

A

Vessel walls; Tissues

134
Q

Extrinsic factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation due to ___ or ____.

A

Surgery; Injury

135
Q

Intrinsic factors activated within the blood may initiate coagulation including _____ activated when blood contacts collagen, _____(a phospholipid) from platelets, and _____ activated from arachidonic acid(a membrane phospholipid).

A

Factor XII; Factor III; Thromboxane A2

136
Q

Thromboxane functions to ____ platelet aggregation.

A

Increase

137
Q

Thromboxane A2 functions to _____ platelet secretion.

A

Increase

138
Q

Thromboxane A2 functions to ____ vessels.

A

Constrict

139
Q

____ blocks Thromboxane A2 activation.

A

Aspirin

140
Q

_____ is an enzyme activated by extrinsic or intrinsic factors which activates prothrombin.

A

Thromboplastin

141
Q

Prothrombin activated by thromboplastin is made in the ____ and requires vitamin ___ for manufacture.

A

Liver; K

142
Q

Thrombin is activated from ____ and functions to ____ platelet aggregation and secretion.

A

Prothrombin; Increase

143
Q

Vitamin K is required for other ____ factors.

A

Clotting

144
Q

Vitamin K is made by ____ bacteria.

A

Intestinal

145
Q

Vitamin K is ____.

A

Fat soluble

146
Q

Vitamin K is absorbed with the aid of ____.

A

Bile

147
Q

Fibrinogen, made in the liver, is activated by ____ into ____.

A

Thrombin; Fibrin

148
Q

Fibrin links to form the threads of the ____.

A

Clot

149
Q

_____ stick to fibrin and contract (clot retraction)

A

Platelets

150
Q

Hemostasis involves clot dissolving with these two things:

A
  1. Plasminogen

2. Antithrombin III

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions