Unit 10 Blood & Lymphatic System Flashcards
0
Q
What are the 3 parts of the Circulatory System?
A
- Fluids (Located in Compartments)
- Lymphatic System
- Cardiovascular System
1
Q
The Circulatory System functions in what 3 ways?
A
- Transport
- Immunity (Disease Defense)
- Self-protection (Clotting, Buffering)
2
Q
The Fluids of the Circulatory Systems include _____ found in the Cardiovascular System.
A
Blood
3
Q
The Fluids of the Circulatory System include ____ found in the Lymphatic System.
A
Lymph
4
Q
The Fluid of the Circulatory System includes ____ found among the tissue cells.
A
Interstitial fluid
5
Q
The Lymphatic System includes what 3 parts?
A
- Lymph vessels
- Lymph Nodes
- Lymph Tissue
6
Q
The Cardiovascular System consists of what 2 things?
A
- Heart
2. Blood Vessels
7
Q
The Cardiovascular System has a special inner lining ____ which is inside vessels and _____ which is inside the heart.
A
Endothelium; Endocardium
8
Q
The blood consists of _____ and ____ ____
A
Plasma; Formed Elements
9
Q
Plasma is the ____ part; in males it comprises ____% of the blood, in females it comprises ____% of the blood.
A
Liquid; 60; 64
10
Q
Plasma contains ____% water
A
90
11
Q
Plasma contains ____% dissolved substances.
A
10
12
Q
The dissolved substances in Plasma include what 4 things?
A
- Proteins
- Gasses
- Electrolytes
- Molecules
13
Q
Most proteins in the dissolved substances of the plasmid are produced in the _____.
A
Liver
14
Q
The dissolved substance Protein of Plasmids function either ____ or as _____
A
Individually; Systems
15
Q
The dissolved substance Protein of Plasmids that function as systems include ______, ______, ______.
A
Clotting Proteins; Kinins; Complement
16
Q
The proteins in Plasmids are structurally either ______ or _____ proteins.
A
Simple; Conjugated
17
Q
Proteins in Plasmid have several general functions such as…
A
- Providing Colloidal OP
- Transport
- Immunity
18
Q
Proteins of Plasmids include the following 3 groups..
A
- Albumens
- Globulins
- Clotting Factors
19
Q
The group Albumens of Proteins in plasmid function to transport ____.
A
Lipids
20
Q
The Globulin group of Proteins in Plasmids have what 3 types and what are their functions?
A
- Alpha; Transport
- Beta; Transport
- Gamma; Are Antibodies
21
Q
Gamma Globulin Proteins in Plasmids make up ___% of plasma proteins.
A
20
22
Q
Clotting Factors of Proteins in Plasmids include _____.
A
Fibrinogen
23
Q
_____ is plasma minus fibrinogen.
A
Serum
24
Of the dissolved substances in Plasmids, Gasses include _____, _____, and ______.
Oxygen; Carbon dioxide; Nitrogen
25
What are the 5 Electrolytes in Plasmids?
1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. Chorine
4. Bicarbonate
5. Proteins
26
What are the 6 molecules in Plasmids?
1. Amino Acids
2. Fatty Acids
3. Glucose
4. Hormones
5. Cholesterol
6. Bilirubi
27
Formed elements are three types of cells in the blood, ___ ___ cells, ____ ____ cells, and ______
Red blood; White blood; Platelets
28
The most common formed elements are the ___ blood cells.
Red
29
Red blood cells function to transport ____.
Oxygen
30
Red blood cells structurally consist of a ____ disc.
Biconcave
31
Red blood cells are ___ microns in diamater.
7.5
32
Red blood cells lack the usual _____ ____.
Cellular Organelles
33
On average there are ___ million/cubic mm of RBC's.
5
34
The Hematocrit(PCV) is the percentage of ____
RBC
35
RBCs contain _____
Hemoglobin
36
Hemoglobin is composed of the protein ____ and a ____.
Globin; Heme
37
Heme is composed of ___ and ___.
Bilirubin; Iron
38
Hb plus O2 forms _______
Oxyhemoglobin
39
Arteries contain ___% HbO2
100
40
Arterial blood is _____ the exception is the _____ vein which contains arterial blood.
Oxygenated; Pulmonary
41
Veins contain ____% of HbO2.
75
42
Venus blood is _____ the exception is the _____ artery.
Deoxygenated; Pulmonary
43
Average lifespan of a RBC is ____ days.
120
44
Fragments of RBC are ingested by _____ in the reticulo-endothelial system.
Macrophages
45
The reticulo-endothelial system is located in what 5 areas of the body?
1. Loose connective tissue
2. Lymph System
3. Liver
4. Lungs
5. Spleen
46
In macrophages the Hb is split into ___ which is recycled and ___.
Globin; Heme
47
In macrophages the heme is split into ___ which is recycled and ____.
Iron; Bilirubin
48
In macrophages the bilirubin is released from ____ and transported to the liver, if levels increase in circulation ____ results.
MP; Jaundice
49
High levels of bilirubin are dangerous because it binds to cell membranes causing ___ ___.
Cell death
50
High levels of bilirubin are dangerous because it might result in ____ _____.
Cerebral Palsy
51
In the liver, bilirubin is bound to ____ acid to make it water soluble.
Glucuronic
52
In the liver, bilirubin is transported through bile ducts to the ____.
Intestine
53
Anemia is a decrease in ____ or ____.
RBC; Hb
54
_____ anemia, decreased iron diet.
Nutritional
55
____ anemia causes bleeding.
Hemorrhagic
56
_____ anemia, decreased vitamin B12.
Pernicious
57
_____ anemia, increased breakdown of RBC.
Hemolytic
58
_____ anemia, decreased RBC production.
Aplastic
59
Blood type involves ___ on RBCs.
Proteins
60
RBC plasma membranes contain what 4 antigens?
1. Antigen A
2. Antigen B
3. Antigen Rh
4. Other antigens
61
Plasma of RBCs contain what 3 antibodies?
1. Anti A
2. Anti B
3. Anti Rh
62
If blood contains complementary antigens and antibodies ____ will bind to _____.
Antigens; Antibodies
63
If blood contains complementary antigens and antibodies RBC will _____.
Agglutinate
64
Blood types are based on the _____.
Antigens
65
In blood type A the blood contains Antigen ____ and Antibody ___.
A; b
66
In blood type B, the blood contains Antigen ___ and Antibody ____.
B; a
67
In blood type AB, the blood contains Antigen ____ and ____.
A & B; neither antibodies a nor b
68
In blood type O, the blood contains ______ and Antibody ____.
Neither antigens A nor B; a & b
69
In blood type Rh positive the Antigen Rh is _____ and the Antibody Rh is _____.
Present; Absent
70
In the blood type Rh negative, Antigen Rh is ____ and Antibody Rh ____.
Absent; might be present
71
Erythroblasotsis fetalis may occur if the fetus is ____ and the mother is ____.
Rh+; Rh-
72
In Erythroblastosis fetalis, fetal __ antigens leak into the circulation of the ____.
Rh; mother
73
In Erythroblastosis fetalis, the mother develops _____ antibodies.
Anti-Rh
74
In Erythroblastosis fetalis, RBC will _____.
Agglutinate
75
The second group of formed elements are the ____.
White blood cells
76
In WBC about _____/mm3 are found circulating in the blood.
5000
77
Most WBC do their work ____ the circulation.
Outside
78
3/4 of WBC outside the circulation usually stick to _____(margination).
Capillary Walls
79
WBC release many _____.
Chemical mediators
80
Many WBC have ____(lysosomes) containing ____.
Granules; Enzymes
81
Classification of granular WBC is based on _____.
Granule stains
82
2 types of WBC are what?
1. Granular
| 2. Agranular
83
Granular WBC have obvious granules (lysosomes) in their ____.
Cytoplasm
84
3 types of Granular WBC are:
1. Eosinophils
2. Basophils
3. Neutrophils
85
Eosinphils' granules stain ____ (red) stains.
Acid
86
Basophils which are similar to (or become) _____ cells, have granules that stain with ____ (purple) stains.
Mast; basic
87
Neutrophils' granules stain with ____ (purple) stains.
Neutral
88
Neutrophils have ____ shaped nuclei, PMN polymorphonuclear.
Irregular
89
Agranular WBC lack the obvious ____.
Granules
90
2 types of Agranular WBC are:
1. Monocytes
| 2. Lymphocytes
91
Monocytes become _____ (MP) and ______ (MP).
Wandering macrophages; Fixed macrophages
92
Fixed macrophages include: ____ in the brain, ____ cells in the liver, ____ in the bone, _____(MP) in the lungs, and ____ cells in the skin.
Microglia; Kupffer; Osteoclasts; Alveolar; Langerhans
93
Lymphocytes become ____ which mature into plasma cells and ____.
B-cells; T-cells
94
T-cells include ___ and ___ T-cells.
Helper; Killer
95
WBC arise in ____.
Bone marrow
96
These 4 WBC mature in the bone marrow from graulocyte-MP colony forming units (myeloid):
1. Eosinophils
2. Basophils
3. Neutrophils
4. Monocytes
97
Lymphocytes mature in ____ tissue from _____ progenitor cells (lymphoid).
Lymph; B&T
98
Eosinophils ____ antigen-antibody complexes and ___ parasitic worms.
Ingest; Kill
99
Basophils release ____ such as histamine, _____ such as heparin, and other _____ substances.
Vasodilators; Anticoagulents; Vasoactive
100
Neutrophils carry out ____
Phagocytosis
101
Monocytes become ____ which have 2 functions: ____ & ____.
Macrophages; Regulation; Phagocytosis
102
B-cells are involved in ____.
Antibody mediated (humoral) immunity
103
T-cells are involved in _____.
Cell-mediated immunity
104
The third group of formed elements are ____.
Platelets
105
Platelets are involved in _____.
Clotting
106
Platelets function in ____ and ____.
Hemostasis; Immunity
107
Platelet structure includes ___ shape.
Flat
108
Platelet structure includes nuclei ____.
Absent
109
Platelets are ___ microns in diamter.
3
110
Platelets contain ____ and ____.
Enzymes; Actin
111
Platelets contain organelles including these 4:
1. Mitochondria
2. Microtubules
3. Vesicles
4. Granules
112
About ____/mm3 of platelets are circulating in the blood.
250,000
113
Platelets arise from _____.
Hemocytoblasts
114
Hemocytoblasts become _____(MK) in the bone marrow.
Megakaryocytes
115
MK fragment into thousands of ____.
Platelets
116
_____ prevents loss of blood.
Hemostasis
117
Hemostasis involves two opposing processes:
1. Clot formation
| 2. Clot dissolving
118
Requirements for hemostasis include intact small ____.
Blood vessels
119
Requirements for hemostasis include adequate number of functional _____.
Platelets
120
Requirements for hemostasis include normal amounts of ____ factors and _____ inhibitors.
Coagulation; Coagulation
121
Requirements for hemostasis include adequate amounts of blood ____.
Ca++
122
Hemostasis involves clot formation, the first step of this process is a _____.
Vascular spasm
123
Vascular spasm is due to ____ responses and _____ reflexes.
Local; N.S.
124
The degree of ____ affects vascular spasm.
Trauma
125
Greater trauma increases ____.
Spasm
126
Less trauma causes less ____.
Spasm
127
Hemostasis involves clot formation, the second step is a _____ forms.
Platelet plug
128
When a platelet plug forms the platelets become ____.
Sticky
129
A platelet plug forms to plug the hole but no the ____; platelets do not stick to intact ______.
Vessel; Endothelium
130
If platelet levels decrease, petechial _____ (pinpoint areas of bleeding) form.
Hemorrhages
131
Hemostasis involves clot formation, the third step is ______ occurs.
Blood coagulation
132
____ factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation.
Extrinsic
133
Extrinsic factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation from damaged _____ or _____ outside vessels.
Vessel walls; Tissues
134
Extrinsic factors outside the blood may initiate coagulation due to ___ or ____.
Surgery; Injury
135
Intrinsic factors activated within the blood may initiate coagulation including _____ activated when blood contacts collagen, _____(a phospholipid) from platelets, and _____ activated from arachidonic acid(a membrane phospholipid).
Factor XII; Factor III; Thromboxane A2
136
Thromboxane functions to ____ platelet aggregation.
Increase
137
Thromboxane A2 functions to _____ platelet secretion.
Increase
138
Thromboxane A2 functions to ____ vessels.
Constrict
139
____ blocks Thromboxane A2 activation.
Aspirin
140
_____ is an enzyme activated by extrinsic or intrinsic factors which activates prothrombin.
Thromboplastin
141
Prothrombin activated by thromboplastin is made in the ____ and requires vitamin ___ for manufacture.
Liver; K
142
Thrombin is activated from ____ and functions to ____ platelet aggregation and secretion.
Prothrombin; Increase
143
Vitamin K is required for other ____ factors.
Clotting
144
Vitamin K is made by ____ bacteria.
Intestinal
145
Vitamin K is ____.
Fat soluble
146
Vitamin K is absorbed with the aid of ____.
Bile
147
Fibrinogen, made in the liver, is activated by ____ into ____.
Thrombin; Fibrin
148
Fibrin links to form the threads of the ____.
Clot
149
_____ stick to fibrin and contract (clot retraction)
Platelets
150
Hemostasis involves clot dissolving with these two things:
1. Plasminogen
| 2. Antithrombin III
