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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 12-2 Physiology of Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Unit 12-2 Physiology of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

If a pressure difference exists, a ___ will flow

A

Fluid

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2
Q

Pressure differences are determined by what 2 things?

A
  1. The pressure generated

2. Resistance to flow

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3
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Automatic contraction
  2. Inherit rhythm
  3. All-or-none contraction
  4. Long refractory period
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4
Q

HR is ____ beats/minute

A

70

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5
Q

SV is ___ ml/beat(by each ventricle)

A

70

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6
Q

What is chronotrophy?

A

A change in HR

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7
Q

What is inotropy?

A

A change in force of contraction

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8
Q

Systole is ___ and diastole is ___; if an average cardia cycle rest lasts 0.8 of a second

A

Contraction; relaxation

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9
Q

Atrial systole occurs in the ___sec

A

0.1

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10
Q

Ventricular systole occurs in the __,___,__ sec

A

0.2;0.3;0.4

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11
Q

Atrial Diastole occurs in the ___ seconds

A

0.2-0.8

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12
Q

Ventricular diastole occurs in the ___ and ___ second

A

0.1; 0.5-0.8

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13
Q

The heart has 2 sounds ___ and __, the first sound occurs after the start of the ____, the second sound occurs after the end of the ___

A

Lub;dub; Ventricular systole

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14
Q

___ determines opening and closing of the valves

A

Pressure

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15
Q

____ pressure ranges between 0 and 20mmHg

A

Atrial

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16
Q

___pressure ranges from 0 to 120 mmHg

A

Left Ventricular

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17
Q

___pressure ranges from 80 to 120 mmHG

A

Aortic

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18
Q

Av valves are ___ when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, and ____ when atrial pressure is lower then ventricualr pressure

A

Open; closed

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19
Q

Semilunar valves are ___ when aortic pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, and ___ when aortic pressure is lower thatn ventricular pressure

A

Closed, open

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20
Q

Ventricular volume flow in due to ___, absent bc AV and semilunar valves are ___, flow out due to ____, flow absent bc AV and semilunar valves are ___, flow in during ____

A

Atrial systol; closed; Ventricular diastole; closed; ventricular diastole

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21
Q

Atrial pressure flow in due to difference between ___ and ___ pressure and flow out due to difference between ____ and ____ pressure

A

Venous; Atrial; Atrial; Ventricular

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22
Q

Ventricular pressure flow in due to ____, flow out due to ___, flow in due to difference between ___ and ___ pressure

A

Atrial systol; Ventricular systol; Atrial; ventricular

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23
Q

Aortic pressure flow ___from the heart, flow in due to ___, dictrotic notch due to ___ of elastic wall, flow ___ from the heart

A

Away; Ventricular systol; Recoil; Away

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24
Q

Intrinsic coordination of the cardia cycle involves a _____ system

A

Conducting

25
The conducting system conducts ____ impulses(depolarization)
Cardiac
26
The cardiac impulse stimulates cardiac muscle to ____
Contract
27
Teh velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse is the ___ wehter the heart is beating fast or slow
Same
28
Length of ____ is always the same
systole
29
Length of ___ varies
diastole
30
The diameter of the conducting fibers determines the ___ of conduction, ___ fibers conduct fast, ___ fibers conduct slow
Velocity; Large; Small
31
The conducting system is displayed with the _____
Electrocardiogram
32
The ECG is a measure of ___ generated in _____ fluids of the body by depolarization of many cardiac muscles
Current, Extracellular
33
Cardiac muscle depolarization lasts about ___ seconds
0.30
34
What are the 4 components of the ECG?
1. P wave 2. QRS complex 3. T wave 4. Base
35
What are the 4 intervals and durations of the ECG?
1. PR interval 2. QRS duration 3. RT interval 4. TR interval
36
A normal sinus rhythm is a normal ECG arising from the ___-
SA node
37
Cardiac arrhythmias include the following 3 things?
1. Origination of the cardiac impulse from an abnormal location 2. Disorders of conduction 3. Abnormal pacemaker rhythm
38
What is Cardiac output?
Blood pumped per minute by each ventricle
39
Teh average CO at rest is __ L/min
5
40
During the strenuous exercise in a well trained person, the CO may increase to ___L/min
25
41
The cardiac reserve is the difference between the rest and ______
Maximum CO
42
CO is determined by 2 factors?
1. Heart rate | 2. Stroke volume
43
In order to increase (decrease) CO, Increase (decrease) ___ will occur due to Decrease(increase) ____- input to the heart, Increase(decrease) ____ input to the heart, Increase(decrease) circulating ____, Increase(decrease) _____
HR; Parasympathetic; Sympathetic; Epinephrine; body temperature
44
In order to Increase (decrease) CO, Increase (decrease) SV will occur that is due to Increase(decrease) ___ input to the heart. Increase (decrease) ____
SNS; Ventricular stretch
45
What results from congestive heart failure?
1. Left ventricle leads to pulmonary edema | 2. Right ventricle failure leads to systemic edema
46
____ and ___ control blood flow
Pressure; resistance
47
BP is determined by what 2 things?
1. Blood volume | 2. Arteriolar resistance
48
Systolic pressure occurs during systol, due to ___ of the heart
Contraction
49
Diastolic pressure occurs during diastole; due to ____ of blood that remains in the arteries after peripheral runoff
Volume
50
The ___ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse
51
The mean arterial pressure is essentially the ___ throughout the arterial tree, resistance is also essentially the ___ throughout the arterial tree
Same
52
The function of resistance is to control _____ to different organs
blood flow
53
____ is increased blood flow
Hyperemia
54
_____ is decreased blood flow
Ischemia
55
Resistance is determined by what 3 things?
1. Viscosity of blood 2. Length of vessel 3. Diameter (radius) of vessel
56
____ is the chief determinant of resistance
Arteriolar diameter
57
_____ is the resistance in the systemic circuit
Peripheral
58
____ is the resistance in the pulmonary circuit
Pulmonary

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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