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Anatomy and Physiology II > Unit 12-2 Physiology of Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Unit 12-2 Physiology of Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

If a pressure difference exists, a ___ will flow

A

Fluid

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2
Q

Pressure differences are determined by what 2 things?

A
  1. The pressure generated

2. Resistance to flow

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3
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A
  1. Automatic contraction
  2. Inherit rhythm
  3. All-or-none contraction
  4. Long refractory period
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4
Q

HR is ____ beats/minute

A

70

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5
Q

SV is ___ ml/beat(by each ventricle)

A

70

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6
Q

What is chronotrophy?

A

A change in HR

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7
Q

What is inotropy?

A

A change in force of contraction

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8
Q

Systole is ___ and diastole is ___; if an average cardia cycle rest lasts 0.8 of a second

A

Contraction; relaxation

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9
Q

Atrial systole occurs in the ___sec

A

0.1

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10
Q

Ventricular systole occurs in the __,___,__ sec

A

0.2;0.3;0.4

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11
Q

Atrial Diastole occurs in the ___ seconds

A

0.2-0.8

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12
Q

Ventricular diastole occurs in the ___ and ___ second

A

0.1; 0.5-0.8

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13
Q

The heart has 2 sounds ___ and __, the first sound occurs after the start of the ____, the second sound occurs after the end of the ___

A

Lub;dub; Ventricular systole

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14
Q

___ determines opening and closing of the valves

A

Pressure

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15
Q

____ pressure ranges between 0 and 20mmHg

A

Atrial

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16
Q

___pressure ranges from 0 to 120 mmHg

A

Left Ventricular

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17
Q

___pressure ranges from 80 to 120 mmHG

A

Aortic

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18
Q

Av valves are ___ when atrial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, and ____ when atrial pressure is lower then ventricualr pressure

A

Open; closed

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19
Q

Semilunar valves are ___ when aortic pressure is greater than ventricular pressure, and ___ when aortic pressure is lower thatn ventricular pressure

A

Closed, open

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20
Q

Ventricular volume flow in due to ___, absent bc AV and semilunar valves are ___, flow out due to ____, flow absent bc AV and semilunar valves are ___, flow in during ____

A

Atrial systol; closed; Ventricular diastole; closed; ventricular diastole

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21
Q

Atrial pressure flow in due to difference between ___ and ___ pressure and flow out due to difference between ____ and ____ pressure

A

Venous; Atrial; Atrial; Ventricular

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22
Q

Ventricular pressure flow in due to ____, flow out due to ___, flow in due to difference between ___ and ___ pressure

A

Atrial systol; Ventricular systol; Atrial; ventricular

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23
Q

Aortic pressure flow ___from the heart, flow in due to ___, dictrotic notch due to ___ of elastic wall, flow ___ from the heart

A

Away; Ventricular systol; Recoil; Away

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24
Q

Intrinsic coordination of the cardia cycle involves a _____ system

A

Conducting

25
Q

The conducting system conducts ____ impulses(depolarization)

A

Cardiac

26
Q

The cardiac impulse stimulates cardiac muscle to ____

A

Contract

27
Q

Teh velocity of conduction of the cardiac impulse is the ___ wehter the heart is beating fast or slow

A

Same

28
Q

Length of ____ is always the same

A

systole

29
Q

Length of ___ varies

A

diastole

30
Q

The diameter of the conducting fibers determines the ___ of conduction, ___ fibers conduct fast, ___ fibers conduct slow

A

Velocity; Large; Small

31
Q

The conducting system is displayed with the _____

A

Electrocardiogram

32
Q

The ECG is a measure of ___ generated in _____ fluids of the body by depolarization of many cardiac muscles

A

Current, Extracellular

33
Q

Cardiac muscle depolarization lasts about ___ seconds

A

0.30

34
Q

What are the 4 components of the ECG?

A
  1. P wave
  2. QRS complex
  3. T wave
  4. Base
35
Q

What are the 4 intervals and durations of the ECG?

A
  1. PR interval
  2. QRS duration
  3. RT interval
  4. TR interval
36
Q

A normal sinus rhythm is a normal ECG arising from the ___-

A

SA node

37
Q

Cardiac arrhythmias include the following 3 things?

A
  1. Origination of the cardiac impulse from an abnormal location
  2. Disorders of conduction
  3. Abnormal pacemaker rhythm
38
Q

What is Cardiac output?

A

Blood pumped per minute by each ventricle

39
Q

Teh average CO at rest is __ L/min

A

5

40
Q

During the strenuous exercise in a well trained person, the CO may increase to ___L/min

A

25

41
Q

The cardiac reserve is the difference between the rest and ______

A

Maximum CO

42
Q

CO is determined by 2 factors?

A
  1. Heart rate

2. Stroke volume

43
Q

In order to increase (decrease) CO, Increase (decrease) ___ will occur due to Decrease(increase) ____- input to the heart, Increase(decrease) ____ input to the heart, Increase(decrease) circulating ____, Increase(decrease) _____

A

HR; Parasympathetic; Sympathetic; Epinephrine; body temperature

44
Q

In order to Increase (decrease) CO, Increase (decrease) SV will occur that is due to Increase(decrease) ___ input to the heart. Increase (decrease) ____

A

SNS; Ventricular stretch

45
Q

What results from congestive heart failure?

A
  1. Left ventricle leads to pulmonary edema

2. Right ventricle failure leads to systemic edema

46
Q

____ and ___ control blood flow

A

Pressure; resistance

47
Q

BP is determined by what 2 things?

A
  1. Blood volume

2. Arteriolar resistance

48
Q

Systolic pressure occurs during systol, due to ___ of the heart

A

Contraction

49
Q

Diastolic pressure occurs during diastole; due to ____ of blood that remains in the arteries after peripheral runoff

A

Volume

50
Q

The ___ pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

A

Pulse

51
Q

The mean arterial pressure is essentially the ___ throughout the arterial tree, resistance is also essentially the ___ throughout the arterial tree

A

Same

52
Q

The function of resistance is to control _____ to different organs

A

blood flow

53
Q

____ is increased blood flow

A

Hyperemia

54
Q

_____ is decreased blood flow

A

Ischemia

55
Q

Resistance is determined by what 3 things?

A
  1. Viscosity of blood
  2. Length of vessel
  3. Diameter (radius) of vessel
56
Q

____ is the chief determinant of resistance

A

Arteriolar diameter

57
Q

_____ is the resistance in the systemic circuit

A

Peripheral

58
Q

____ is the resistance in the pulmonary circuit

A

Pulmonary

Anatomy and Physiology II (8 decks)

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