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IGCSEs by Thili > 🧪 | Unit 9 | Periodic Table > Flashcards

🧪 | Unit 9 | Periodic Table Flashcards

1
Q

What are Group 7 elements called?

A

Halogens

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2
Q

Name the halogens?

A

Flourine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Astatine

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3
Q

Characteristics of halogens

A
  • non-metals
  • poisonous in elemental form
  • have 7 valence electrons
  • form anions with -1 charge
  • m.p., b.p. and density increases down the group
  • reactivity decreases down the group
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4
Q

At room temperature, what state of matter is F?

A

Gas

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5
Q

At room temperature, what state of matter is Cl?

A

Gas

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6
Q

At room temperature, what state of matter is Br?

A

Liquid

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7
Q

At room temperature, what state of matter is I?

A

Solid

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8
Q

At room temperature, what state of matter is At?

A

Solid

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9
Q

Colour of F?

A

Yellow

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10
Q

Colour of Cl?

A

Pale-green

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11
Q

Colour of Br?

A

Reddish-brown

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12
Q

Colour of I?

A

Grey solid, sublimes into a purple vapour

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13
Q

Colour of At?

A

Black, radioactive solid

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14
Q

What is the trend in the reactivity of halogens as you go down the group?

A

The reactivity decreases as you go down the group.

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15
Q

What colour are alkali metals when they are freshly cut?

A

Shiny, silvery surfaces when they are freshly cut.

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16
Q

What is the density of alkali metals?

A

They have low densities

17
Q

What is the m.p. of alkali metals?

A

They have low m.p.

18
Q

Which Group is diatomic?

A

Group VII

19
Q

What is a halogen displacement reaction?

A

It’s when a more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive halogen in an aqueous solution of its halide.

20
Q

What are Group 1 elements called?

A

Alkali metals

21
Q

Characteristics of alkali metals

A
  • soft metals
  • have shiny, silvery surfaces when freshly cut
  • form alkaline solutions with high pH values when reacting with water
  • low m.p. and low density
  • density increases as you go down the group
  • m.p. decreases as you go down the group
  • conduct heat and electricity
22
Q

What is the trend in the reactivity of alkali metals as you go down the group?

A

The reactivity increases as you go down the group.

23
Q

Observations: Li reacting with water

A
  • fizzing (bubbles of H₂ produced)
  • floats and moves around on the surface of the water
  • dissolves into the water to produce an alkaline solution
24
Q

Observations: Na reacting with water

A
  • bubbles of H₂
  • melts into a shiny ball that dashes around the surface
  • floats on water
  • orange flame
  • white trail of sodium hydroxide produced, dissolves in water and forms alkaline solution
25
Q

Why does Na/K melt when reacting with water?

A

Because alkali metals have low melting points and the reaction generates a lot of heat.

26
Q

How can the Na/K float on water, when reacting with water?

A

Because it is less dense than water

27
Q

How does the shiny ball of Na/K dash around the surface, when Na/K reacts with water?

A

The hydrogen produced in the reaction causes the ball to move around.

28
Q

Observations: Potassium reacting with water

A
  • reacts more violently than Na
  • bubbles of H₂ gas
  • melts into a shiny ball that dashes around the surface
  • enough heat produced so hydrogen burns with a lilac flame
29
Q

Properties of transition metals

A
  • very high m.p.
  • very high density
  • hard, strong metals
  • form coloured compounds
  • more than 1 oxidation state
30
Q

In Periodic Tables, where can you find the mass number of an element?

A

At the top of the element symbol.

31
Q

In Periodic Tables, where can you find the atomic number of an element?

A

At the bottom of the element symbol.

32
Q

What does the group number tell us?

A

How many valence electrons an element has can be seen with the group number.

33
Q

What does the period number tell us?

A

The period number tells us how many electron shells an atom has.

34
Q

Elements in the same group have similar properties. Why?

A

The number of valence electrons of elements in the same group are the same.

35
Q

Where can metals be found on the Periodic Table?

A

On the left

36
Q

Where can non-metals be found on the Periodic Table?

A

On the right

37
Q

What are the types of isotopes called?

A

Radioactive isotopes and non-radioactive isotopes.

38
Q

Use of radioactive isotopes?

A
  • being able to find the date an object dates back to

- treating cancer in radiotherapy

IGCSEs by Thili (28 decks)

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