🧩 | Chapter 1 Flashcards
Who was the Treaty of Saint-Germain addressed to?
🧇 Austria
Who was the Treaty of Trianon addressed to?
🌳 Hungary
Who was the Treaty of Neuilly addressed to?
🐔 Bulgaria
Who was the Treaty of Sevres addressed to?
🦃 Turkey
Who was the Treaty of Lausanne addressed to?
Also 🦃
Treaty of Versailles date
28th June 1919 🥨
Treaty of Saint-Germain date
10th Sept. 1919 🧇
Treaty of Trianon date
4th Jun. 1920 🌳
Treaty of Neuilly date
27th Nov. 1919 🐔
Treaty of Sevres date
10th Aug. 1920 🦃
Treaty of Lausanne date
24th July 1923 🦃
Common terms in all the treaties?
- had a war guilt clause to support claims for reparations
- reduction in military forces
- to accept the League of Nations
Terms of the treaty of Saint-Germain
- Anschluss forbidden - Article 88
- Reparations never set
- 3 million Germans lived in Sudetenland, part of Czech.
- 30000 soldiers
- No navy
- No conscription
Terms of the Treaty of Trianon
- 35000 soldiers
- 3.3 million Hungarians outside because Austro-Hungarian empire broke up
- No navy
- No conscriptions
Terms of the Treaty of Neuilly
🐔
• NO ACCESS to Aegean Sea
• EXPECTED to pay 100 million pounds in reparations
• UNDERSTOOD by Bulgarians as the “Second National Catastrophe”
• INCISED to 20000 soldiers
• LESS harsh than other treaties
• LOST air force (reduced to 4 battleships)
• YUGOSLAVIA, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Greece got more land
Terms of the Treaty of Sevres
🦃
• SWATHES of Ottoman land given to Britain, France, Greece and Italy
• EMPIRE broken up
• VERY tight control of Ottoman’s finances by Allies (taxes and budgets)
• Reduced army to 50700; no air force
• Established zones of influence of Britain, France and Italy in Turkey
• Smyrna given to Greece; Rhodes given to Britain
What happened to Germany in 1923?
They experienced inflation
Wilson’s 14 points (9 out of 14)
- No barriers to free trade
- Reduction of armaments
- Ethnicities in Austria-Hungary given self-determination
- No restrictions on ships
- Colonies get to participate in decisions made by their mother country
- have a League of Nations
- Send all the Germans out of Russia
- give Poland access to the sea
- return Alsace and Lorraine back to France
How many countries were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?
32
Who impacted the ToV the most?
Big Three
Who were the Big Three?
Lloyd (Britain PM), Clemenceau (France), Woodrow Wilson (US)
Clemenceau’s aims
- German army, navy and air-force DISARM
- Return Alsace-Lorraine
- Rhineland made independent so that there is a buffer state between Germany and France
Changes made to Germany by the ToV
- Posen (land with rich soil for farming) given to Poland
- Poland also given access to the Baltic Sea
- Rhineland demilitarized
- Danzig run by League
- Saar coalfields acquired by France for 15 years
- Germany loses all colonies
- Eupen and Malmedy given to Belgium
- North Schleswig given to Denmark
- Alsace and Lorraine returned to France
- Germany forbidden to unite with Austria
Reparations Germany had to pay
£6.6 billion
What did Article 231 state?
Article 231 stated that Germany and Central Powers were totally responsible for causing war.
Why did Central Powers lose WWI?
1916 - Germany’s eminent loss as British naval blockade weakens Germany
1918 - German Spring Offensive drained army’s resources
What were Lloyd George’s aims?
∘ have a moderate peace treaty after WWI
∘ re-establish balance of power in Europe
∘ preserve British naval supremacy
∘ re-establish trading between British empire and Europe
Successor states created after ToV
∘ Austria ∘ Hungary ∘ Poland ∘ Yugoslavia ∘ Czechoslovakia
