Unit 9: Imperialism Flashcards
In the past, European nations have conquered other lands, made them into colonies, and controlled their economies. Which term refers to the situation described in this statement?
imperialism
What is a territory ruled directly by an imperialist power? (Ex. Britain in America)
colony
What type of Imperialism allows a country to keep its own government, but is ultimately controlled by an outside power?
protectorate
Form of Imperialism - direct rule
colonies
Form of Imperialism - have their own government, but controlled by outside power
protectorates
Forms of Imperialism - imperial power has exclusive trading rights, but not governing rights
spheres of influence
What were the reasons Europeans practiced Imperialism?
- Desire for natural resources like palm oil, petroleum, rubber, and more
- Europeans believed they needed a strong economy and they needed a steady supply of natural resources to feed this economy
- Europeans believed they needed a strong military to support these economic interests
- Competition: They were proud and didn’t want other countries to get ahead of them
- Social Darwinism
Throughout the 1800s, an increased need for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led various Europeans nations to pursue policies of
imperialism
What is Social Darwinism?
a theory that the white European man was better
Who created the theory of Social Darwinism?
Herbert Spencer
Who invented the Maxim Gun?
Hiram Stevens Maxim
What resources did Europeans want?
rubber, diamonds, and minerals
The most important gain was Egypt because of the…
Suez Canal
What were the scars left on Africa?
- Created problems between African tribes
- Forced ethnic groups into the same nation
- Destroyed African cultures
- In many parts, segregation and class system based upon color were introduced
- Africa has yet to recover –> corruption, instability, violence, and authoritative regimes are common
What Zulu warrior leader fought the British and Boers?
Shaka
On what continent did the Boer War occur?
Africa
What policy strictly enforced systemic racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s?
apartheid
What practice was so offensive to Muslim and Hindu Sepoy soldiers?
The cartridges were greased in pig fat
What European country controlled Northern Africa?
France
What country was considered to be the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire?
India
Where was the Boer War located?
Southern Africa
Where was the Sepoy Rebellion located?
Southern India
Where was the Boxer Rebellion located?
China
Where was the Meiji Restoration located?
Japan
European conflicts spilled over into the colonies. England and France fought over control of what important waterway?
Suez Canal
Commodore Matthew Perry forced which country to open trade with the U.S.?
Japan
What type of colonial rule allows a country to keep its government, but is still controlled by an outside power?
protectorate
China was primarily colonized through what form?
Sphere of Influence
Who wrote the White Man’s Burden?
Rudyard Kipling
What policy strictly enforced systemic racial segregation in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s?
apartheid
In what year did Great Britain finally give Hong Kong back to China?
1997
What country had the Meiji Restoration that modernized the country and opened it to foreign trade?
Japan
Most violent conflicts by colonized peoples were
unsuccessful
