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World History II Honors > Reactions, Impacts, and Advancements of the Industrial Revolution > Flashcards

Reactions, Impacts, and Advancements of the Industrial Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

A

England

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2
Q

Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England?

A

Natural resources, new technologies, population growth

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3
Q

What was the fencing off of land for private property?

A

The Enclosure Movement

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4
Q

What process heats up liquids to remove harmful bacteria?

A

pasteurization

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5
Q

What new technology led to an increase of slavery?

A

the cotton gin

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6
Q

Who invented the spinning jenny?

A

James Hargreaves

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7
Q

What did the spinning jenny do?

A

spun cotton

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8
Q

What led to the demise of the cottage industry?

A

the rise of factories

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9
Q

Who created the steam engine?

A

James Watt

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10
Q

Who created the cotton gin?

A

Eli Whitney

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11
Q

Who created the process for making steel?

A

Henry Bessemer

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12
Q

Who developed the smallpox vaccination?

A

Edward Jenner

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13
Q

Who discovered bacteria?

A

Louis Pasteur

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14
Q

What city was the largest by 1891?

A

Liverpool

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15
Q

What does suffrage mean?

A

the right to vote

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16
Q

Who created the flying shuttle?

A

John Kay

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17
Q

What two countries outlawed the slave trade and then slavery?

A

United States and Britain

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18
Q

What were 4 social effects of the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Women and children entering the workplace as cheap labor
  • Introduction of reforms to end child labor
  • Expansion of education
  • Women’s increased demands for suffrage
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19
Q

Who wrote Wealth of Nations?

A

Adam Smith

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20
Q

Who is the Father of Capitalism?

A

Adam Smith

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21
Q
  • Impact on standard of living and the growth of the middle class
  • Dissatisfaction with poor working conditions and the unequal distribution of wealth in society
A

Capitalism

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22
Q

Who wrote Communist Manifesto?

A

Karl Marx

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23
Q
  • Response to the injustices of capitalism
  • Importance of redistribution of wealth to the communists
A

Socialism and Communism

24
Q

What were the reactions to the Industrial Revolution?

A
  • Slavery abolished in the British Empire
  • Growth of the Middle Class
  • Dissatisfaction of working class with work conditions
  • New economic and political ideas formed as a reaction to capitalism
25
Q

What year did Britain abolish slavery?

A

1833

26
Q

Before the Industrial Revolution, what were the two social classes?

A

aristocrats and commoners

27
Q

What were the “Nouveau Riche”?

A
  • Owned factories, mines, railroads
  • Some were merchants, shopkeepers, accountants who had left working class
  • “Rags to riches”
  • Could afford amenities like furniture and fine clothing
  • Aimed to educate their children so that their social standing would be maintained or rise with the next generation
28
Q
  • Many came from farm families
  • Poop working/living conditions
  • Tenements-crowded apartment buildings
  • Men competed with women and children for wages
  • Child labor kept costs of production low and profits high for factory owners
A

Industrial Working Class

29
Q
  • 14 hour shifts
  • Fatal accidents
  • Poor wages
  • Disease
  • No compensation for accidents
  • Cruel discipline and intimidation
  • Fines
A

Working conditions remained poor

30
Q

The Rise of…
- Encouraged worker-organized strikes to demand increased wages and improved working conditions
- Lobbied for laws to improve the lives of workers, including women and children
- Wanted workers’ right and collective bargaining between labor and management

A

The Rise of Labor Unions

31
Q

What new social class emerged during the Industrial Revolution?

A

The Industrial Middle Class

32
Q

What did labor unions seek to accomplish?

A
  • increase workers’ wages
  • collective bargaining rights
  • redistribution of wealth
33
Q

Labor unions collectively sought negotiations between labor and management for better working conditions and higher pay using…

A

collective bargaining

34
Q

Rests on the idea that markets produce what consumers want to buy (a good or service)

A

capitalism

35
Q

What does “laissez-faire” mean?

A

Government should keep its “hands off” of business

36
Q

What allows greed without any government involvement?

A

free market

37
Q

What were the effects of capitalism on society?

A
  • Improved the standard of living for most
  • Dissatisfaction rose within the working class
  • Saw bosses getting more wealthy, while wages remained low
  • People began to desire a more equal distribution of wealth in society
  • Haves/Have-Nots vs/ Equality
38
Q

What is an economic system based on the common ownership of property?

A

socialism

39
Q

What advocates that the means of producing wealth should be shared by the community as a whole, not private individuals?

A

socialism

40
Q

Who is the Father of Socialism?

A

Karl Marx

41
Q

Socialism is a transition toward…

A

communism

42
Q

What is the process of forming collectives or collective communities where property and resources are?

A

collectivization

43
Q

Who wrote “Das Kapital” and “The Communist Manifesto”?

A

Karl Marx

44
Q

What economic system allows a country’s trade and industry to be controlled by private individuals?

A

capitalism

45
Q

What economic system believes that the government should take a “hands off” approach to the economy?

A

capitalism

46
Q

What economic system advocates that all means of production should be shared among a community?

A

socialism

47
Q

What is an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property does not exist?

A

communism

48
Q
  • All goods and services are shared equally
  • A centralized government conducts a planned economy rules by the working class
A

communism

49
Q

What are the countries that have tried communism? (10)

A
  • Russia
  • China
  • North Korea
  • Cuba
  • Great Britain
  • France
  • Greece
  • Sweden
  • Venezuela
  • United States
50
Q
  • more and younger marriages
  • rising births and falling deaths
  • improved agriculture brought healthier diets
A

population increase

51
Q

What is mass migration of people from rural areas to cities? (rapid growth of cities due to industrial demand of workers?)

A

urbanization

52
Q

What invention most directly effected the way people traveled?

A

locomotive

53
Q

What did women demand?

A
  • suffrage
  • equal pay
  • equal rights
54
Q

What most directly caused urbanization?

A

improved transportation

55
Q

No incentives to work and no innovation are criticisms of which economic system?

A

capitalism

56
Q

In a capitalist society, who owns the means of production?

A

the bourgeoisie

57
Q

Which economic theory emphasizes that the means of production should be shared equally as a community?

A

socialism

World History II Honors (10 decks)

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