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World History II Honors > The French, Latin American, and Cultural Revolutions > Flashcards

The French, Latin American, and Cultural Revolutions Flashcards

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1
Q

What ideas inspired people to question how government should rule?

A

Enlightenment ideas

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2
Q

What provided a blueprint for challenging monarchy and bankrupted France?

A

The American Revolution

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3
Q

What estate was the nobility?

A

2nd estate

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4
Q

What estate was the bourgeoisie?

A

3rd estate

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5
Q

Who were the bourgeoisie?

A

the middle class

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6
Q

What estate was the clergy?

A

1st estate

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7
Q

What group of people took control of the government of France and advocated for violence and executions against moderates?

A

the Jacobins

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8
Q

People who favor quick and drastic changes are called…

A

radicals

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9
Q

Who was the leader of the Jacobins?

A

Maximilien Robespierre

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10
Q

What 4 things happened during the Reign of Terror?

A
  1. Governed France as a Dictator
  2. Changed the calendar
  3. Did away with Sunday because he hated religion
  4. Confiscated church lands and money
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11
Q

Who’s reign became known as the Reign of Terror?

A

Maximilian Robespierre

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12
Q

Who created the Committee on Public Safety?

A

Maximilian Robespierre

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13
Q

What were the 5 causes of the French Revolution?

A
  1. Influenced by Enlightenment ideas
  2. Influenced by the success of the American Revolution
  3. Financial Crisis
  4. Bread shortage
  5. Unfair taxation of the Third Estate
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14
Q

What were the 4 effects of the French Revolution?

A
  1. End of the Absolute Monarchy of Louis XVI
  2. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
  3. Reign of Terror
  4. Rise of Napoleon
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15
Q

What was the Congress of Vienna’s goal?

A

Collective security and stability for the entire continent

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16
Q

Who set up the Congress of Vienna?

A

Klemens von Metternich of Austria

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17
Q

What were the 4 legacies of the Congress of Vienna?

A
  1. “Balance of power” doctrine
  2. Restoration of monarchies
  3. Redraw new political map of Europe
  4. New political philosophies of liberalism/conservatism emerge
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18
Q
  • Progressive
  • Focuses on society
  • Personal freedom
  • Fair trade
  • Supports workers
  • “The world can be improved. Bring in the new”
A

liberalism

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19
Q
  • Traditional
  • Focuses on the individual
  • Economic freedom
  • Free trade
  • Supports employers
  • “Protect the good things about the world”
A

conservatism

20
Q

The goal of preventing one country or person from becoming too powerful is called…

A

balance of power

21
Q

Which political philosophy focuses upon personal freedom, the good of society, and supports workers?

A

liberalism

22
Q

Who was the Coachman of Europe at the Congress of Vienna?

A

Metternich

23
Q

What 5 things did Napoleon do?

A
  1. He kept many changes from the revolution
  2. Strengthened the central government
  3. Established a national banking system
  4. Took steps to end corruption
  5. Set up public schools
24
Q

What did the Napoleonic Code restore in the French colonies in the Caribbean?

A

slavery

25
Q

What did the Napoleonic Code limit and promote?

A

It limited liberty and promoted order and authority

26
Q

What were Napoleon’s 3 mistakes?

A
  1. The Continental System
  2. The Peninsular War
  3. The Invasion of Russia
27
Q

What was the Continental System?

A

a naval blockade to prevent trade and communication between Europe and England. FAILED

28
Q

Who does Napoleon surrender to?

A

William III of Prussia and Czar Alexander I

29
Q

What was Napoleon’s last battle?

A

The Battle of Waterloo

30
Q

What was the legacy of Napoleon? (3 things)

A
  1. Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination
  2. Napoleonic Code
  3. Growth of Nationalism
31
Q

What were the events of the French Revolution? (4)

A
  1. Tennis Court Oath
  2. Storming of the Bastille
  3. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
  4. Reign of Terror
32
Q

Where was Napoleon sent on his final exile?

A

St. Helena Island

33
Q

What was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII?

A

The Concordat of 1801

34
Q

What are some Enlightenment ideas that would encourage the overthrow of a monarch? (3)

A
  1. Natural rights
  2. Social contract
  3. Separation of church and state
35
Q

a person born in the Americas from Spanish descent…

A

creoles

36
Q

someone of mixed race of both Spanish and indigenous background

A

mestizos

37
Q

Who was the liberator of Haiti and a former slave?

A

Toussaint L’Ouverture

38
Q

What major cities were established as outposts of colonial authority? (5)

A
  1. Havana
  2. Mexico City
  3. Lima
  4. São Paulo
  5. Buenos Aires
39
Q

Who had a speech to have a revolution against Spanish rule?

A

Father Miguel Hidalgo

40
Q

What doctrine says that all countries are free and any country who tries to get back land in the Western Hemisphere will be seen as an enemy?

A

The Monroe Doctrine

41
Q

Havana - where is it?

A

Cuba - small island

42
Q

Mexico City - where is it?

A

Middle of Mexico

43
Q

Lima - where is it?

A

Top left of South America

44
Q

São Paulo - where is it?

A

Middle right of South America

45
Q

Buenos Aires - where is it?

A

Middle right of South America

World History II Honors (10 decks)

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