The French, Latin American, and Cultural Revolutions Flashcards
What ideas inspired people to question how government should rule?
Enlightenment ideas
What provided a blueprint for challenging monarchy and bankrupted France?
The American Revolution
What estate was the nobility?
2nd estate
What estate was the bourgeoisie?
3rd estate
Who were the bourgeoisie?
the middle class
What estate was the clergy?
1st estate
What group of people took control of the government of France and advocated for violence and executions against moderates?
the Jacobins
People who favor quick and drastic changes are called…
radicals
Who was the leader of the Jacobins?
Maximilien Robespierre
What 4 things happened during the Reign of Terror?
- Governed France as a Dictator
- Changed the calendar
- Did away with Sunday because he hated religion
- Confiscated church lands and money
Who’s reign became known as the Reign of Terror?
Maximilian Robespierre
Who created the Committee on Public Safety?
Maximilian Robespierre
What were the 5 causes of the French Revolution?
- Influenced by Enlightenment ideas
- Influenced by the success of the American Revolution
- Financial Crisis
- Bread shortage
- Unfair taxation of the Third Estate
What were the 4 effects of the French Revolution?
- End of the Absolute Monarchy of Louis XVI
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- Reign of Terror
- Rise of Napoleon
What was the Congress of Vienna’s goal?
Collective security and stability for the entire continent
Who set up the Congress of Vienna?
Klemens von Metternich of Austria
What were the 4 legacies of the Congress of Vienna?
- “Balance of power” doctrine
- Restoration of monarchies
- Redraw new political map of Europe
- New political philosophies of liberalism/conservatism emerge
- Progressive
- Focuses on society
- Personal freedom
- Fair trade
- Supports workers
- “The world can be improved. Bring in the new”
liberalism
- Traditional
- Focuses on the individual
- Economic freedom
- Free trade
- Supports employers
- “Protect the good things about the world”
conservatism
The goal of preventing one country or person from becoming too powerful is called…
balance of power
Which political philosophy focuses upon personal freedom, the good of society, and supports workers?
liberalism
Who was the Coachman of Europe at the Congress of Vienna?
Metternich
What 5 things did Napoleon do?
- He kept many changes from the revolution
- Strengthened the central government
- Established a national banking system
- Took steps to end corruption
- Set up public schools
What did the Napoleonic Code restore in the French colonies in the Caribbean?
slavery
What did the Napoleonic Code limit and promote?
It limited liberty and promoted order and authority
What were Napoleon’s 3 mistakes?
- The Continental System
- The Peninsular War
- The Invasion of Russia
What was the Continental System?
a naval blockade to prevent trade and communication between Europe and England. FAILED
Who does Napoleon surrender to?
William III of Prussia and Czar Alexander I
What was Napoleon’s last battle?
The Battle of Waterloo
What was the legacy of Napoleon? (3 things)
- Unsuccessful attempt to unify Europe under French domination
- Napoleonic Code
- Growth of Nationalism
What were the events of the French Revolution? (4)
- Tennis Court Oath
- Storming of the Bastille
- Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
- Reign of Terror
Where was Napoleon sent on his final exile?
St. Helena Island
What was an agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII?
The Concordat of 1801
What are some Enlightenment ideas that would encourage the overthrow of a monarch? (3)
- Natural rights
- Social contract
- Separation of church and state
a person born in the Americas from Spanish descent…
creoles
someone of mixed race of both Spanish and indigenous background
mestizos
Who was the liberator of Haiti and a former slave?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
What major cities were established as outposts of colonial authority? (5)
- Havana
- Mexico City
- Lima
- São Paulo
- Buenos Aires
Who had a speech to have a revolution against Spanish rule?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
What doctrine says that all countries are free and any country who tries to get back land in the Western Hemisphere will be seen as an enemy?
The Monroe Doctrine
Havana - where is it?
Cuba - small island
Mexico City - where is it?
Middle of Mexico
Lima - where is it?
Top left of South America
São Paulo - where is it?
Middle right of South America
Buenos Aires - where is it?
Middle right of South America
