Unit 9- Human Development Flashcards
Prenatal period
Extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy
Zygote
One cells organism formed by the Union of a sperm and an egg
First two weeks of the prenatal development
Germinal stage
The middle stage of prenatal development
Embryonic stage
The two months before birth
Fetal stage
In which stage does the placenta begin to form?
Germinal
Placenta
A structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mothers bloodstream and bodily wasted to pass out to the mother
What happens in the germinal stage
Rapid cell division
Cell mass implants on the uterine wall
In which stage do vital organs and bodily systems begin to form
Embryonic
In which stage do most miscarriages occur
Embryonic
In which stage do muscles and bones begin to form?
Fetal
Why is fat presented in the fetal stage?
To provide insulation
In which stage do the respiratory and digestive systems mature
Fetal
The age at which I baby can survive in the event of a premature birth
Age of viability
What weeks are the age of viability
22 to 26
What disorders has been linked to prenatal malnutrition
Schizophrenia and other psych disorders
What is associated with heart disease, diabetes, and obesity in adulthood
Low birth weight
A collection of congenital problems associated with excessive alcohol during pregnancy
Fetal alcohol syndrome
When a baby is born with a small head
Microcephaly
Typical FAS problems
Small head, heart defects, irritability, hyperactivity, and delayed ménage and motor development
Most common cause of mental retardation
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Which experiment provides the best evidence for FAS
Ann strissguth in Seattle
Illnesses that are fatal to a fetus
Measles
Rubella
Syphilis
Chicken pox
Percent of women with HIV that passed it to their child
20-30
What reduced the passage of HIV
Antiretroviral drugs
Refers to the progression of muscular coordination required for physical activities
Motor development
The head to foot direction of motor development
Cephalocaudal trend
The center outward direction of motor development
Proximo distal trend
Who discovered that lengthy periods of no growth were punctuated by sudden bursts of growth
Lampl veldhuis Johnson
Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of ones genetic blueprint
Maturation
Indicate the typical age at which individuals display various behaviors and abilities
Developmental Norms
Refers to characteristic mood? Activity level, and emotional reactivity
Temperament
When investigators observe one group of participants repeatedly over a period of time
Longitudinal design
When investigators compare groups of participants of differing age at a single point in time
Cross sectional
Occur when differences between age groups are due to the groups growing up in different time periods
Cohert effects
Who discovered that there were three basic styles of temperament
Thomas and chess
Direct observation temperament study
Jerome kagan
At what age to children become noticeably attached to their mothers
6-8 months
Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whole they have formed and attachment
Separation anxiety
Emotional attachment study with monkeys
Harry Harlow
Believed there were biological basis for attach many
John bowlby
Attachment: secure base, comfortable when mother is present, upset when she leaves, and is calmed when returned
Secure attachment
Anxious when mothers are near and protest when she leaves but not comforted when she returns
Anxious ambivalent attachment
Not distressed when mother leaves and seek little contact
Avoidant attachment
Children appear confused about whether they should approach or avoid mothers and are especially insecure
Disorganized disoriented attachment
Discovered the different levels of attachment
Mary Saltar ainsworth
When does separation anxiety peak in children
14-18 months
