Unit 11- Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Etiology
Causation of mental illness
Medical model
Think like abnormal behavior is a disease
Prognosis
Forecast about the probable course of Illness
Deviance
Behaviors aren’t the society norm
Maladaptive behavior
Everyday behavior is impaired
Personal distress
Individuals personal distress
What is the issue with mental illness criteria
There is no straight line
Study of distribution of mental disorders
Epidemiology
Class of disorders marked by feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety
Anxiety disorders
Disorder marked by a chronic high level of anxiety that is not tied with a specific threat
Generalized anxiety
Marked by persistent and irrational fear of an object of situation that presents bo realistic danger
Phobic disorder
Characterized be recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly
Panic disorder
Fear of going out in public
Agoraphobia
Thoughts that repeatedly intrude on ones consciousness in a distressing way
Obsessions
Actions that one feels forced to carry out
Compulsions
Persistent uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts and urges to engage in senseless rituals
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event
PTSD
Concordance rates
Indicate the percentage of twin pairs of other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder
What is a risk factor of anxiety in which people overreact with fear
Anxiety sensitivity
What is a chemical cause of anxiety
A disturbance in the neural circuits using GABA
How can anxiety disorder be developed and maintained
Classical and operant
How are people more likely to develop fears more easily than others
Preparedness
What type of thinking can lead to anxiety disorders
Making situations more threatening than they are
Focussing attempting on threats
Recalling threatening info
What do studies suggest that anxiety disorders are related to
Stress
Physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors
Somatoform disorders
Creating an illness in your mind
Malingering
Marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin
Somatization disorder
Disorder characterized by a significant loss of physical function in a single organ system
Conversion disorder
Disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses
Hypochondriasis
What personality trait makes people more liked to have a somatoform disorder
Histrionic and neuroticism
Sick role
Growin association with being sick and undivided care and avoidance of life’s challenges
Disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity
Dissociative disorders
Sudden loss of memory for important personal info that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting
Dissociative amnesia
Moments in which people forget their identity
Fugue
Involves coexistence in one person of two or more largely complete and usually very difference personalities
Dissociative identity disorder
What personality traits are associated with dissociative disorders
Fantasy proneness and a tendency to become intensely absorbed in personal experience
Spanos theory of DD
North American culture creates these disorders
Class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical perceptual social and thought process
Mood disorders
When people show persistent feelings of sadness and despair and a loss of interest in previous sources of pleasure
Major depressive disorder
Chronic depression that is insufficient in severity
Dysthymic disorder
Disorder characterized by the experience of one or more manic episodes as well as periods of depression
Bipolar disorder
Chronic but mild symptoms of bipolar disturbances
Cyclothymic disorder
What chemicals are mood disorders associated with
Serotonin and norepinephrine
What part of the brain is said to play a major role in mood disorders
Hippocampus
Theory of learned helplessness
Giving up behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events
How much does genetics play a role in schizophrenia
Two thirds
What neurochemical is associated with schiz
Dopamine excess
What structure of the brain increases schiz
An enlarged brain ventricle
Neurodevelopmental hypothesis
Schiz is caused in part by various disruptions in the normal maturational processes of the brain before or at birth
The degree to which a relative of s patient displays highly critical or emotionally over involved attitudes toward the patient
Expressed emotion
Class of disorders marked by extreme inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning
Personality disorders
What are the three personality disorder groups
Anxious fearful, odd eccentric, and dramatic impulsive
Disorde marked by impulsive callous manipulative aggressive and irresponsible behavior that reflects a failure to accept social norms
Antisocial personality disorder
Culture bound disorders
Abnormal syndromes found only in a few cultural groups
Realistic view
No universal standards
Pan cultural view
Criteria of mental illness are same around the world
Severe disturbance in eating behavior characterized by preoccupation with weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight
Eating disorders
Intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain normal weight, and use of dangerous measures to lose weight
Anorexia nervosa
Out of control eating following by extreme compensatory efforts
Bulima nervosa
Distress inducing eating that are no accompanied by purging
Binge eating
Appetite for non nutritious foods
Pica
