Unit 10- Personality Flashcards
Personality trait
Unable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations
Personality
An individual’s unique constellation of consistent behavioral traits
Factor analysis
Correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables
Who created factor analysis and got 171 traits to 16
Raymond Cattell
How many basic dimensions are in favor analysis
16
Who created the five factor model
Robert McRae and Paul costa
What factor from the big 5 correlates with: worried insecure self pitying
Neuroticism
Neuroticism
Negative emotions
What factor from the big 5 correlates with: sociable fun loving affectionate
Extroversion
Extraversion
Positive emotion
What factor from the big 5 correlates with: imaginative preference for variety independent
Openness to experience
What factor from the big 5 correlates with: softhearted trusting helpful
Agreeableness
What factor from the big 5 correlates with: well organized careful self disciplines
Conscientious
What are liberals most likely to score high in?
Openness to experience
Structure of personality is composed of
Id ego superego
Primitive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle
Id
Decision making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle
Ego
Reality principle
Seeks to delay gratification of the ids urges until appropriate outlets and situations can be found
Moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong
Superego
Consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular moment
Conscious
Contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can easily be retrieved
Preconscious
Contains thoughts memories and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence of behavior
Unconscious
What urges control sigmund freuds psychoanalytic theory
Sexual urges and aggression
Unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions like anxiety and guilt
Defense mechanisms
Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior
Rationalization
Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious
Repression
Attributing ones own thoughts feelings or motives to another
Projection
Diverting emotional feelings from their original source to a sub target
Displacement
Reversion to immature patterns of behavior
Regression
Bolstering self esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group
Identification
Psychosexual stages
Developmental periods with a characteristic sexual focus that leave their mark on adult personality
Fixation
Failure to move forward from one stage to another as expected
Oedipal complex
Children manifest erotically tinged desires for their opposite sex parent accompanied with hostility toward their same sex parent
What is carl jungs version of the unconscious
Personal unconscious
What is the deeper layer of the personal unconscious
Collective unconscious
Emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning
Archetypes
What does Alfred Adler focus his psychoanalytical theory on
Superiority
Compensation
Involves efforts to overcome imagines of real inferiorities by developing ones ability
Exaggerated feelinga of weakness
Inferiority complex
Theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior
Behaviorism
Skinners view of a persons personality
Collection of response tendencies that are ties to various stimulus situations
Social learning theory creator
Albert bandura
Reciprocal determinism
Environment determines behavior but behavior determines environment
Observational learning
Occurs when an organisms responding is influenced by the observation of others
Ones belief abouf ones ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes
Self efficiency
Humanism
Theory that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth
Phenomenological approach
Assumes that one has to appreciate individual’s personal experiences to rules understand their behavior
Founder of human potential movement
Carl Rogers
Person centered theory
Emphasis on persons subjective point of view
Collection of beliefs about ones own nature
Self concept
Degree of disparity between ones self concept and ones actual experience
In congruence
Hierarchy of needs
Systematic arrangement of needs according to priority in which basic needs must be met before less basic
Who created the theory of self actualization
Carl Maslow
Need for self actualization
Need to fulfill ones potential
Hans Eysenck believes
Peoples personalitys come from their genes
Eysenck believes that personality traits come from what things?
Extra version, neuroticism, and psychoticism
University of Minnesota study
Test on fraternal twins reared apart
Terror management theory
Culture provides ways to the world that solve the existential crisis engendered by the awareness of death
Widely used self report inventory
Mmpi
How many personality traits are measured in the mmpi
10
Who created the 16pf
Cattell
What test measures the big 5
NEO
Projective tests
Ask participants to respond to vague ambiguous stimuli in ways they may reveal the subjects needs feelings and personality traits
Ink blots
Rorschach
TAT
Pictures with stories
