Unit 8- Motivation And Emotion Flashcards
Drive
an internal state of tension that motivates and organism to engage in activities that should reduce this tension
Motives
Needa wants interests and desires that propel people in certain directions
Drive reduction
Returning to homeostasis
Incentive
External goal that has the capacity to motivate behavior
Where does the motivation lie with drive theories
Within (push)
Where does motivation lie in incentive theories?
External (pull)
Evolution theories
Natural selection based behavior
Affiliation motive
Need for belongingness
What part of the brain regulates biological needs
Hypothalamus
What recognizes fullness
Paraventricular nucleus
What recognizes hunger
Arcuate nucleus
Leptin
Obesity hormone
Ghrelin
Stomach contractions
Insulin
Comes from pancreas and extracts sugar from blood
Desire to perform a behavior for its own sake
Intrinsic
Desire to perform a behavior because of reward
Extrinsic
Need for belongingness
Affiliation motive
What factors maximize reproductive success
Achievement, affiliation, dominance, aggression, sex drives
Arousal theory
People experience both high and low levels of arousal being unpleasant
Body needs
Biological motives
Achievement needs
Social motives
Who discovered relationship between stomach contraction/hunger desire
Walter cannon
Brains hunger on and off
Lateral hypothalamus and ventral hypothalamus
Glucostatic theory
Fluctuations in blood glucose level are monitored in brain and influence hunger
Cells in stomach walls that signal stretching
Vagus nerve
Food cues
Platability
Quantity available
Variety
Presence of others
Being overweight
Obesity
Body mass index
BMI
Some people do inherit genetic vulnerability to obesity
Genetic predisposition
Indicates socially approve food intake
Normative cues
Characteristics of food itself
Sensory cues
Natural point of stability in body weight
Set point
Weight tends to drive around level at which the constellation of factors that determine food consumption and energy expenditure achieve an equilibrium
Settling point theory
Sexual response creators
Master and Johnson
How many stages is the sexual response cycle
4
Physical arousal rises rapidly in response to stimuli
Excitement phase
Engorgement of blood vessels
Vasocongestion
Physical arousal continues to build at a much slower pace
Plateau
What happens to women in the plateau phase
Vaginal entrance tightens
What happens to men in the plateau phase
Pre cum
When is the foreplay stage
Plateau
When secual arousal reaches its peak
Orgasm
When does BP and Hr peak
Orgasm
Physical arousal returns to normal
Resolution
What happens to men during the resolution
Refractory
What each sex had to invest to produce and nurture offspring
Parental investment
What do mean emphasize
Physical attraction and youthfulness
What do women emphasize
Intelligence, ambition, income, social status
What did Freud believe in terms of homosexuality
Gay wen raised by detached father and overprotective mother
The need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others
Achievement motive
Projective test where you respond to vague stimuli
Thematic apperception test
What Is emotion
Conscious experience
Bodily arousal
Characteristic overt expressions
Efforts to predict emotional responses to future events
Affective forecasting
Cognitive component
Highly personal, verbal
Increase in electrical conductivity of skin when swearing increases
Galvanic skin response
Conditioned fears
Amygdala
Pleasure emotions
Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
What does emotion depend on?
Activity in a network of interacting brain centers
Specific facial expressions trigger the experience of specific emotions
Facial-feedback hypothesis
Different emotions are accompanied by somewhat different patterns of autonomic activation
Autonomic specificity
James and Lange theory of emotion
Conscious experience of human emotion results from ones perception of autonomic arousal
Cannon and vard theory of emotion
Emotion occurs when the thalamus sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and to the autonomic nervous system
Schachters two factor theory
Emotion is experience by autonomic arousal and cognitive interpretation of that arousal
Darwins evolutionary theory on emotion
Emotions developed because of adaptive value
Individuals personal perceptions of their overall happiness and life satisfaction
Subjective well-being
Strong happy factors
Love, work, genes
Moderate happy factors
Health social activity religion
Not happy factors
Money age parenthood intelligence