Unit 3- Flashcards
Perception
Selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input
Sensation
Stimulation of sense organs
Threshold
dividing point between energy levels that do and do not have a detectable effect
Absolute threshold
a specific type of sensory input is the minimum stimulus intensity that an orgasm can detect
Dr. p
Visual a Agnosia: inability to recognize objects through sight
Psychophysics
How physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience
Just noticeable difference
Minimum stimulus intensity a sense can detect 50% of the time
Signal detection theory
Proposed that the detection of stimuli involves decision processes as well as sensory processes, which are both influenced by a variety of factors besides stimulus intensity
Webers/fechners law
The “jnd” of the stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the stimuli
Detect ability
Replaced threshold (hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection)
Subliminal perception
Registration of sensory input without conscious awareness
Who made the popcorn add
James vicary
Sexual ads
Wilson Brian key
Sensory adaptation
Decline of sensitivity due to prolonged stimulation
2 purposes of the eye
House retina
Channel light toward retina
Where does light enter
Cornea
What is considered the window of the eye
Cornea
What is the lens
Transparent eye structure that focuses light rays falling on the retina
What is the retina
Neural tissue lining inside of the back surface of the eye
Optic disk
A hole in the retina where the i tic nerve fibers exist in the eye
Cones
Daylight and color
Fovea
Tiny spot in center of retina with the most cones
Rods
Night vision and peripheral vision
Dark adaptation
The process in which the eyes become more sensitive to light in low illumination
Light to dark
Passage of light
Retina Rods/cones Ganglion cell Bipolar cell Optic nerve
Light adaptation
The eyes become less sensitive to light in high illumination
Dark to light
Receptive field of a visual cell
Retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of that cell
Lateral antagonism
When neural activity in a cell opposes activity in surrounding cells
Reversible figure
Drawing that can shift between 2 interp
Inattentional blindness
Failure to see event or object BC attention is focused elsewhere
Trichomatic theory of color vision
The human eye has three receptors with differing sensitivities to different light wave lengths
Opponent process of theory
Color perception depends on receptors that make antagonistic responses to three pairs of colors
Phi phenomenon
Illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession
Gestalt psychology
The whole can be greater than the sum of its parts
Feature analysis
Detecting specific elements in visual input and making it a more complex form
Amplitude
Loudness
Frequency
Pitch
Purity
Timbre
Wavelengths
Hz
Decibels
Measure amplitude
Timbre
Difference in percieved sound
Pinna
Sound collecting cone
Eardrum
Tense membranes that vibrates in response to sound waves funneled by the piña to the audits
Ossicles
Hammer anvil and syrup
Where do the ossicles translate vibrations
To the eardrum
Cochlea
Fluid filled, Coles tunnel with receptors
Oval window
Where sound enters the cochlea, due to vibrations of the ossicles
Basilar membrane
Division of the cochlea into upper and lower chambers
Hair cells
Auditory receptors in the BM
Vestibular system is where and what does it involve
Inner ear and equilibrium
Place theory
Perception of pitch corresponds to the vibration of different portions or places along the BM.
Frequency theory
Perception of pitch corresponds to the rate at which the whole BM operates
Gustatory
Taste
Olfactory
Smell
How many tastes are there,
4 Bitter Salty Sweet Sour
Taste receptors
Cluster of taste buds
How long do taste buds live?
10 days
Non tasters
1/4 taste buds
25%
Medium tasters
Between extremes
50%
Super tasters
Special taste receptors
25%
Perception of flavor
Combination of taste smell and sensation of food
Olfactory cilia
Small receptors
How long do olfactory cilia live
30/60 days
Olfactory bulb
Location where cilia and axons synapses then route to the olfactory cortex
What’s different about the olfactory system
Doesn’t pass through thalamus
touch
Somatosensory
Tactile stimulation
Feeling pressure
2 pathways
Fast path
Slow path
Fast path
A delta
Immediate Pain
Slow path
C delta
Stinging second pain
Gate control theory
Incoming pain must pass through gate in the spinal cord, that can be closed
Endorphins
Body’s natural painkiller
Perisqueductal gray
descending neural pathway that mediates suppression of pain
Perceptual constancy
Tendency to experience a stable perception in the face of continually changing sensory input
Visual allusion
An apparently inexplicable discrepancy between the appearance of the visual stimulus and its physical reality
Impossible figures
Objects that can be represented in 2d pictures but not 3d
Perceptual hypothesis
An inference about which distal stimuli could be responsible for the proximal stimuli sensed
Depth perception
Interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are
Binocular cues
Clues about distance based on the differing views of the two eyes
