Unit 4-variations Of Consciousness Flashcards
Consciousness
The awareness of internal and external stimuli
Who discovered REM
Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky
Consciousness includes
Your awareness of external events
Your awareness of your internal sensations
Your awareness of your self as the unique being
Your awareness of your thoughts
Consciousness fluctuates continuously
Stream of consciousness
Most common used indicator of consciousness
EEG
When do delta waves become more prevalent
Deep dreamless sleep
When are alpha waves increased
When relaxed and rested
When are beta wave increased
Engaged in problem solving
What are variations in consciousness shaped by
Rhythm
Biological rhythms
Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning
Circadian rhythms
24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species
What hormone plays a key role in biological clocks
Melatonin
Where is the central pacemaker located
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Which directions is it easier to fly in terms of jet lag
West
Electrooculograph
Eye movements
Electromyograph
Muscular activity
How many stages of sleep are there
5
How long is the average time to fall asleep
25 minutes
Hypnic jerks
Muscular contractions that occur when people begin to fall asleep
What happens during stage 2 of sleep
Sleep spindles
Sleep spindles
Brief bursts of higher-frequency brain waves
Slow wave sleep
Stage three and four
High amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent
Fifth stage
REM
REM sleep is identified by
Irregular breathing and pulse rate
Muscle tone is relaxed
When is dreaming most vivid and frequent
REM
Non REM
Stages 1 through 4
How many times do people repeat cycles
Four times
How much time of sleep is spent in slow wave
15-20 %
How much time is spent in REM sleep
20-25%
How long do newborns usually sleep
16 hours
How much of newborns sleep consists of REM
50%
With age, what happens with the stages of sleep?
Stage 1 increases
Slow wave declines
Ascending reticular activity system
Afferent nerve fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal
What hormones play roles in sleep
Serotonin and GABA
Partial sleep deprivation
Less sleep than normal over a period of time
Insomnia
Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep
Sleep apnea
Frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep
Nightmares
Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep
Night terrors
Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic
Narcolepsy
Disease marked by sudden and irresistible insets of sleep during normal waking periods
Somnambulism
Sleepwalking
Hypnosis
Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility
Hypnotism
Greek word for sleep
Analgesia
Withstanding pain
Forms of hypnotic phenomena
Analgesia
Sensory distortion
Disinhibition effort
Post hypnotic suggestions
Theories of hypnosis
Role playing
Altered state of consciousness
Divided consciousness
Dissociation
Splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness
Meditations
Train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control
Psychoactive drug
Chemical substance that modify mental, emotional, and behavioral functioning
3 main categories of drugs
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
Mesolithic dopamine pathway
Reward pathway that gets eventually increased activity from drug abuse
Narcotics
Heroin morphine OxyContin
Sedatives
Tranquilizers barbiturates decrease CNS
Stimulants
Increase CNS
Cocaine nicotine caffiene
Hallucinogens
Lsd cannibis
Freudian theory of dreaming
Wish fulfillment
Unconscious urge
Manifest content
Plot of dream
Latent content
Hidden meaning
Activation synthesis model
Dreams are side effects of the neural activity occuring during REM sleep
Cognitive problem solving
Work through every day problems
