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Psychology > Unit 4-variations Of Consciousness > Flashcards

Unit 4-variations Of Consciousness Flashcards

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0
Q

Consciousness

A

The awareness of internal and external stimuli

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1
Q

Who discovered REM

A

Nathaniel Kleitman and Eugene Aserinsky

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2
Q

Consciousness includes

A

Your awareness of external events
Your awareness of your internal sensations
Your awareness of your self as the unique being
Your awareness of your thoughts

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3
Q

Consciousness fluctuates continuously

A

Stream of consciousness

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4
Q

Most common used indicator of consciousness

A

EEG

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5
Q

When do delta waves become more prevalent

A

Deep dreamless sleep

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6
Q

When are alpha waves increased

A

When relaxed and rested

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7
Q

When are beta wave increased

A

Engaged in problem solving

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8
Q

What are variations in consciousness shaped by

A

Rhythm

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9
Q

Biological rhythms

A

Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning

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10
Q

Circadian rhythms

A

24 hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species

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11
Q

What hormone plays a key role in biological clocks

A

Melatonin

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12
Q

Where is the central pacemaker located

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

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13
Q

Which directions is it easier to fly in terms of jet lag

A

West

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14
Q

Electrooculograph

A

Eye movements

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15
Q

Electromyograph

A

Muscular activity

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16
Q

How many stages of sleep are there

A

5

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17
Q

How long is the average time to fall asleep

A

25 minutes

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18
Q

Hypnic jerks

A

Muscular contractions that occur when people begin to fall asleep

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19
Q

What happens during stage 2 of sleep

A

Sleep spindles

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20
Q

Sleep spindles

A

Brief bursts of higher-frequency brain waves

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21
Q

Slow wave sleep

A

Stage three and four

High amplitude, low frequency delta waves become prominent

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22
Q

Fifth stage

A

REM

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23
Q

REM sleep is identified by

A

Irregular breathing and pulse rate

Muscle tone is relaxed

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24
Q

When is dreaming most vivid and frequent

A

REM

25
Q

Non REM

A

Stages 1 through 4

26
Q

How many times do people repeat cycles

A

Four times

27
Q

How much time of sleep is spent in slow wave

A

15-20 %

28
Q

How much time is spent in REM sleep

A

20-25%

29
Q

How long do newborns usually sleep

A

16 hours

30
Q

How much of newborns sleep consists of REM

A

50%

31
Q

With age, what happens with the stages of sleep?

A

Stage 1 increases

Slow wave declines

32
Q

Ascending reticular activity system

A

Afferent nerve fibers running through the reticular formation that influence physiological arousal

33
Q

What hormones play roles in sleep

A

Serotonin and GABA

34
Q

Partial sleep deprivation

A

Less sleep than normal over a period of time

35
Q

Insomnia

A

Chronic problems in getting adequate sleep

36
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Frequent reflexive gasping for air that awakens a person and disrupts sleep

37
Q

Nightmares

A

Anxiety-arousing dreams that lead to awakening, usually from REM sleep

38
Q

Night terrors

A

Abrupt awakenings from NREM sleep accompanied by intense autonomic arousal and feelings of panic

39
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Disease marked by sudden and irresistible insets of sleep during normal waking periods

40
Q

Somnambulism

A

Sleepwalking

41
Q

Hypnosis

A

Systematic procedure that typically produces a heightened state of suggestibility

42
Q

Hypnotism

A

Greek word for sleep

43
Q

Analgesia

A

Withstanding pain

44
Q

Forms of hypnotic phenomena

A

Analgesia
Sensory distortion
Disinhibition effort
Post hypnotic suggestions

45
Q

Theories of hypnosis

A

Role playing
Altered state of consciousness
Divided consciousness

46
Q

Dissociation

A

Splitting off of mental processes into two separate, simultaneous streams of awareness

47
Q

Meditations

A

Train attention to heighten awareness and bring mental processes under greater voluntary control

48
Q

Psychoactive drug

A

Chemical substance that modify mental, emotional, and behavioral functioning

49
Q

3 main categories of drugs

A

Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens

50
Q

Mesolithic dopamine pathway

A

Reward pathway that gets eventually increased activity from drug abuse

51
Q

Narcotics

A

Heroin morphine OxyContin

52
Q

Sedatives

A

Tranquilizers barbiturates decrease CNS

53
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase CNS

Cocaine nicotine caffiene

54
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Lsd cannibis

55
Q

Freudian theory of dreaming

A

Wish fulfillment

Unconscious urge

56
Q

Manifest content

A

Plot of dream

57
Q

Latent content

A

Hidden meaning

58
Q

Activation synthesis model

A

Dreams are side effects of the neural activity occuring during REM sleep

59
Q

Cognitive problem solving

A

Work through every day problems

Psychology (10 decks)

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