Unit 9: Great Depression and Totalitarianism

Question 1

result of June 1919 Treaty of Versailles

Answer 1

Germany endured inflation, occupation, and demilitarization; left Europe devastated and disillusioned; “Lost Generation”

Question 2

Important writers

Answer 2

Ernest Hemingway and F. Scott Fitzgerald

Question 3

October 1929 US Stock Market Crash

Answer 3

the world fell into the Great Depression; many people struggled to find jobs, food, and shelter; the depression finally ended in 1939, when Germany invaded Poland and WWII broke out in Europe

Question 4

communists

Answer 4

USSR’s Joseph Stalin & China’s Mao Zedong

Question 5

Fascists

Answer 5

Germany’s Adolf Hitler, Japan’s Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Hideki Tojo, Italy’s Benito Mussolini, and Spain’s Francisco Franco

Question 6

totalitarian leader’s regimes

Answer 6

nationalistic, militaristic, hierarchical, restrictive, and aggressive

Question 7

totalitarian states

Answer 7

an oppressive leader (ex. Stalin, Hitler) and a revolutionary class or master race (ex. Proletariat or Aryans) dominate/oppress another class or race whom they consider guilty or inferior (bourgeoisie or Jews)

Question 8

Communists & Fascists economic system

Answer 8

While Communists favor state ownership of the means of production, Fascists allow private enterprise and private property, but they direct the distribution of resources

Question 9

countries that turned toward Communism

Answer 9

China, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, and Laos (the USSR was until it collapsed in 1991)

Question 10

Joseph Stalin

Answer 10

after the Russian Revolution, civil war, and death of Lenin, Stalin became the leader of the Soviet Union; imprisoned (in gulags) or executed his enemies in the Great Purge

Question 11

1932 Five-Year Plan

Answer 11

Stalin’s plan was supposed to rapidly modernize the country, but his collectivization of industry and agriculture for redistribution to workers and peasants robbed hardworking landed people (kulaks) of their factories and farms and resulted in disorganization of famine/starvation (2 million died in the Holodomor in Ukraine)

Question 12

Mao Zedong (& Chinese Civil War)

Answer 12

Zedong and the Communists fought Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalists (Democrats) in the Chinese Civil War when they should have maintained united to kick out the Japanese invaders; Communists won and the Nationalists fled to Taiwan

Question 13

Emperor Hirohito & Prime Minister Hideki Tojo

Answer 13

Japan needed fuel for its growing industries and armed forces so Japan annexed Korea and Manchuria (in Northern China). They went too far when they committed the 1937 Rape of Nanking and the US and Western European countries placed sanctions on Japan. Emperor Hirohito and P. Minister Hideki Tojo started thinking about taking more colonies for resources and bases

Question 14

Benito Mussolini

Answer 14

became “I1 Duce” when he deposed the King Victor Emmanuel III and seized power in Italy; conquered the last free country in Africa, Ethiopia

Question 15

Francisco Franco

Answer 15

defeated King Alfonso XIII and the Loyalists (Democrats) in the Spanish Civil War. Spain maintained neutral during WWII but allowed Hitler to test his weapons on the Guernica

Question 16

countries that maintained neutral

Answer 16

Spain, Portugal, Ireland, Sweden, & Switzerland

Question 17

Adolf Hitler & the Nazis

Answer 17

became “Der Fuhrer” after he legally rose to power as the leader of the Nazi Party. He had been imprisoned for trying to start a revolution (“Beer Hall Putch”) and wrote Mein Kampf in prison. He was anti-Semitic and believed the Jews were inferior to the Aryan race & wanted the territory Germany had lost in WW1 and more’ the Nazis instituted Nuremberg Laws and after Kristallnacht, the Nazis began targeting Jews for punishment & sending them to concentration camps

Question 18

1938 Munich Conference

Answer 18

British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain believed in peace through appeasement, so he allowed Hitler to have the Sudetenland; counterproductive