Unit 4: Revolutions

Question 1

Glorious Revolution

Answer 1

Parliament replaced Stuart King James II with his daughter and her husband (from the Netherlands), William and Mary, and they signed the English Bill of Rights to become Europe’s first constitutional monarchs

Question 2

French and Indian War

Answer 2

England defended the Thirteen Colonies; and Parliament subsequently taxed the colonists to pay for the war

Question 3

Reasons the colonists resisted taxation during French and Indian War

Answer 3

1) They did not start the costly war

2) They did not have representation in Parliament (“no taxation without representation”)

Question 4

Boston Massacre

Answer 4

British soldiers came into conflict with angry colonists and shot and killed five civilians

Question 5

Boston Tea Party

Answer 5

Colonists (most smugglers dressed as Mohawk Indians) who were angered by the Tea Act and competition from abroad, boarded British merchant ships and dumped the tea into Boston Harbor

Question 6

Thirteen Colonies were first to..

Answer 6

…break away from an empire (George III and the British Empire) and establish an enduring republic

Question 7

Battle of Lexington and Concord

Answer 7

(“the shot heard ‘round the world”) started the American Revolution

Question 8

Second Continental Congress

Answer 8

met in Philadelphia to write their grievances to King George III in an “Olive Branch” Petition

Question 9

Declaration of Independence

Answer 9

after King George III did not resolve their problems, the second continental congress agreed to the Declaration of Independence

Question 10

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 10

NY) Patriots won the turning-point and the Spanish, Dutch, and French (+Marquis de Lafayette) allied with them

Question 11

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 11

NY) Patriots won the turning-point and the Spanish, Dutch, and French (+Marquis de Lafayette) allied with them

Question 12

Battle of Yorktown

Answer 12

(VA) the patriots won the decisive battle of Yorktown

Question 13

James Madison

Answer 13

wrote the Constitution that all 13 colonies-turned-states ratified

Question 14

Congress

Answer 14

representative government in the US

Question 15

Louis XIV & Louis XV

Answer 15

Louis XIV: “the Sun King” ; Louis XV: “after me, the flood”

-spent their money extravagantly on wars and luxuries, including the Palace at Versailles

Question 16

Louis XVI

Answer 16

summoned the Estates General (for the first time in 175 years) to ask for a tax increase to pay down the national debt)

Question 17

Third Estate

Answer 17

made up 98% of the population; “Bourgeoisie”; demanded greater representation in government from the First Estate (clergy) and Second Estate (nobles)

Question 18

National Assembly

Answer 18

the first and second estate refused to cooperate with the third, so the third broke away and formed the National Assembly

Question 19

French Revolution

Answer 19

the longest and bloodiest revolution of the era; agreed to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Question 20

storming of Bastille

Answer 20

started the French Revolution

Question 21

two factions of revolutionaries

Answer 21

Jacobins in the cities and Girondists in the countryside

Question 22

How many were executed by guillotine?

Answer 22

50,000 (most Catholics) including Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in Reign of Terror

Question 23

George Danton

Answer 23

the leader of guillotine execution

Question 24

Jean-Paul Marat

Answer 24

the propagandist of the guillotine execution

Question 25

Maximilien Robespierre

Answer 25

the executioner of the guillotine execution

Question 26

reforms enacted by Napoleon

Answer 26

equality under the law, religious toleration, right to choose professions

Question 27

Napoleon’s major military mistake

Answer 27

tried to invade Russia; lost 90% if his army and was exiled to Elba

Question 28

Waterloo

Answer 28

(in Belgium) Napoleon tried to return to power but the Duke of Wellington and the British army defeated the French army

Question 29

Congress of Vienna

Answer 29

after the fall of Napoleon, European leaders met at the 1915 Congress of Vienna to preserve their power and prevent war

Question 30

Concert of Europe

Answer 30

the century during which the European countries played relatively well together, lasted until WWI

Question 31

Louis Napoleon

Answer 31

Napoleon Bonaparte’s nephew who became the first president of France in 1848

Question 32

Toussaint L’Overture

Answer 32

a slave who led a revolt in Haiti against the French

Question 33

Miguel Hidalgo

Answer 33

a priest who led a revolt in Mexico against the Spanish

Question 34

Simon Bolivar

Answer 34

a creole who led a revolt in South America against the Spanish

Question 35

Camillo Cavour and Guiseppe Garibaldi

Answer 35

unified the Italian States

Question 36

Otto von Bismarck

Answer 36

unified the German States

Question 37

Emperor Meiji

Answer 37

replaced the Shogun (military leaders), reorganized the Japanese government, economy, military, and copied the best systems internationally to create another one of th strongest countries in the world