Unit 1: Ancient Greece and Rome Flashcards
Who was Octavian?
A successful general and Julius Caesar’s grandnephew who won and become first Emperor of Rome.
What was the time period of the Classical Age
4th and 5th Century BC
2 largest city-states during the Classical Age
Athens and Sparta
What was Athenian government system?
Direct Democracy
What was Spartan government system?
Oligarchy
Greco-Persian Wars
the Athenians and the Spartans combined forces to defeat the Persians
Peloponnesian War
The Spartans defeated the Athenians
Herodotus
The first historian
Meaning of “history”
Greek word for “investigation”
Pericles
Athenian statesman who promoted democracy, art, education, and the restoration of buildings atop the Acropolis, including the Parthenon
True or False: The Greeks were polytheistic
True
Pierre de Coubertin
French historian who revived the Olympic Games in 1896 as a way of fostering international peace and friendship
Socrates
Taught Plato; “Know thyself” “Question everything”; developed Socratic Method; only the pursuit of goodness brings about happiness
Plato
Taught Aristotle; Wrote The Republic; distrusted democracy after the death penalty was ordered for Socrates; believed that society was divided into 3 classes: workers, soldiers, philosophers to rule (philosopher-king)
Aristotle
Taught Alexander the Great; Wrote Politics; believed the people could effectively govern themselves; Wrote the Athenian Constitution
Alexander the Great
a Macedonian king; Conquered 2000 sq. miles around the Mediterranean
Hellenistic Age
the term for the blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures during the 4th and 3rd century BC
Punic Wars
By the 2nd century BC, Greece was weaker, and Rome defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars.
Hannibal
a Carthaginian general whose army rode elephants
How was Roman society divided?
oman society was divided into patricians (upper class) and plebeians (common people) when Rome became a republic (indirect democracy)
Who made the laws in Roman Republic
300 members of the senate
Who made the laws in Roman Republic
300 members of the senate
Who made the laws in Roman Republic
300 members of the senate
Who made the laws in Roman Republic
300 members of the senate
Who selected the members of the senate
the patricians
What did the 2 consuls do
supervised the senate and led the army
What did the 10 members of tribunes do
protected their (plebeians’) interests with a veto
What did Julius Caesar achieve
conquered Gaul (Frances); gave the poor public land and jobs on public works projects after forcing the senate to make him dictator
Marc Anthony
an unsuccessful general who had supported Julius Caesar and committed suicide during the civil war
Cicero
a supporter of the republic who was killed during the civil war
Octavian
a successful general & Julius Caesar’s grandnephew who won and became Augustus Caesar, the first Emperor of Rome
Pax Romana
the period of relative prosperity and stable government over the next 200 years after the Roman Empire began and when Octavian was ruling
Emperor Nero
notorious; waged war on Judea, executed his own mother, “fiddled while Roman burned”
Emperor Titus
Emperor Nero’s successor who was a tyrant with a turbulent reign.
Jesus was crucified during the reign of _______
Emperor Tiberius
Emperor Constantine
moved the capital from Rome in the West to Istanbul (Constantinople) in the East; passed the Edict of Milan, granting freedom of worship to all people in the Roman Empire
Who brought down the Roman Empire
the Visigoths (Germans)
Parthenon
a temple designed to show the power and importance of the city as well their reverence to the goddess of wisdom, Athena
What event destroyed the city of Pompeii
Mt. Vesuvius eruption
