Unit 5: Industrialization Flashcards
Industrial Revolution
An age of transition (rural to urban, farm to factory, mercantilism to capitalism, homemade to store-bought, horse to “iron horse” (railroad), church to sport arena, country cottage to city slum
Countries industrial revolution spread to
America (with Samuel Slater), Germany, Frances, Belgium
Reasons England was the first industrialized country
Had a stable democratic government and promotional government policies for entrepreneurs, a national bank and wealthy investors, and the necessary resources (coal and iron)
Where did most displaced farmers go work?
Textile mills & coal mines
Luddites
Skilled workers who raided factories and destroyed the machines
“The sun never set on the British Empire”
Britain covered 1/4 of the world
Which countries provide additional resources?
India and Malaya provided cotton and rubber
Which era was England a superpower?
Victorian Era
Prince Albert
Organized the 1851 Great Exhibition at London’s Crystal Palace to showcase technological achievements
Why did England have an unfavorable balance of trade with China?
They were importing tea and not exporting a popular good or service in return
Opium Wars
England introduced opium to China (which was grown in India), and despite the Emperor’s ban on the drug, many people became addicted; the economic conflict became a political conflict; With a superior navy, England won.
Effects of Opium Wars
England opened China to more trade and acquired Hong Kong
Consumerism
Consumerism came along with capitalism, so people were buying what they wanted and businesses were competing for customers
Political economists
Studied the disparity of wealth
Germans Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
(Far left) believed in communism, social revolution of proletariat (workers) over the bourgeoisie (owners)
