Unit 3: Enlightenmnet

Question 1

English Civil War

Answer 1

Oliver Cromwell and the Parliamentarians ousted the Stuart monarch Charles I

Question 2

Restoration

Answer 2

the Stuart monarchs had another chance to prove themselves but they failed

Question 3

Glorious Revolution

Answer 3

Parliament invited James II’s daughter Mary and her Dutch husband William to leave the Netherlands and become the king & queen; they accepted & signed the English Bill of Rights

Question 4

First country to have a constitutional monarchy

Answer 4

constitutional monarchy

England (king and queen like the people were subject to the rule of law)

Question 5

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 5

said people were selfish and life was “short, nasty, and brutish” so people needed strict laws and a strong leader (monarch)

Question 6

John Locke

Answer 6

people were born with a “tabula rasa” (blank slate) and they were influenced by their life experiences so people needed a fair government to protect their natural rights to life, liberty, and property

Question 7

Salons

Answer 7

venues for discussion for politically active men and women met to meet and share their opinions

Question 8

Satirists

Answer 8

made fun of serious governmental, economic, and social situations to bypass the censors and get the public’s attention

Question 9

Baron de Montesquieu

Answer 9

believed in the separation of powers (executive, legislative, and judicial) for checks and balances

Question 10

Jean-Jacques Rosseau

Answer 10

believed in the social contract

Question 11

social contract

Answer 11

the people and the leaders have an agreement: the people must follow the laws, and the leaders must represent the people

Question 12

Physiocrats

Answer 12

philosophers who studied economics

Question 13

Adam Smith

Answer 13

a Scotsman who published The Wealth of Nations about free trade, the “invisible hand” of supply and demand, laissez-faire, and the very limited role of government in the economy (only in defense, justice, and public works)

Question 14

enlightened monarchs

Answer 14

Catherine the Great of Russia,

Fredrick the Great of Prussia

Maria Theresa of Austria (& her son Joseph II)

enacted reforms in their countries (ending serfdom, torture, and death penalty) but did not make changes that would limit their own power

Question 15

results of the Enlightenment

Answer 15

American Thomas Jefferson wrote The Declaration of Independence, Frenchman Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes wrote The Declaration of the Rights of man and the Citizen in 1789