Unit 9 Development Flashcards
Tell me about chromosomes
Born with 23 pairs (46 total)
23rd pair= sex
Y= boy
X= girl
DNA
strand of chain on each chromosome
M/F sex hormones
Estrogen- female
Testosterone- male
Androgyny
M/F combo, masculine and feminine characteristics
Gender identity
Perceived understanding of whether identified as male or female
Social learning with example
Observe and follow what it means to be male and female
Ex: baby gender reveal (blue vs pink), barbies
Gender schema
Created by culture, passed down
Ex: what’s okay for M/F (boys don’t cry)
Teratogens
Toxins enter the body/are ingested that affects fetus
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Drinking while pregnant
Imprinting
Konrad Lorenz- infant animals follow what is familiar to them
Critical period of language hypothesis
From age 5-> puberty is period to learn language
- If not then plasticity of that area lost (crystallizes/hard to modify)
Habituation
Decreased response to repeated stimuli (ex: newborn seeing lights)
Plasticity
Brains ability to adapt to new environmental conditions
Attachment studies
Harry Harlow- monkeys
Attachment to comfort or nourishment?
Schema
Concept of organizing ideas
- pre-learned, organized items we know (ex: animals and noises)
Assimilation
Place unknown item into already retained schema
Accommodate
Alter/expand schema (ex: types of dogs)
Piaget’s Cognitive development stages
Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal operational
Sensorimotor
(0-18mon) stranger anxiety and object permanence
Object permanence
Lack of understanding of things being permanent
Preoperational
Form organized thought
-pretend play, egocentrism
Egocentrism
Can only see from ones viewpoint
Concrete operational
Organization (ex: by color), conservation
Conservation
Principles of item can change but not volume or amount (ex: same juice, different glass)
Formal operational
Think of more than what’s in front of you
- abstract thought, complex math functions
Baumrind
Theory on parenting styles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, neglectful)
Authoritative
Ideal, responsive, caring
Authoritarian
Unresponsive, demanding
Permissive
Responsive, undemanding
Neglectful
Unresponsive, undemanding
Kohlberg
Moral ladder
- pre conventional, conventional, post conventional
Pre conventional (2 stages)
Punishment and obedience
Pleasure-seeking
Conventional (2 stages)
Approval-seeking
Law and order
Post conventional
Social contract
Universal moral principle
Carol Gilligan
Student of Kohlberg
Created moral development for women
- ethics of caring
List Erikson’s 8 stages of social development
Trust v mistrust Autonomy v doubt Initiative v guilt Competence v inferiority Identity v role confusion Intimacy v isolation Generativity v stagnation Integrity v despair
Cross sectional study
Different people from different ages studied in the same manner
Longitudinally
Study the same people through their developmental stages (lifelong)
Fluid intelligence
Ability to reason fast (decreases with age)
Crystallized intelligence
Accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age
Menarche
Girls first menstrual cycle
Menopause
Woman’s last cycle, no longer able to reproduce
Kübler Ross
Death/dying theory (stages of grief) Denial Anger Bargaining Sadness Acceptance
Primary sex characteristics
the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
Secondary sex characteristics
nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
Theory of mind
people’s idea about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts
Noam Chomsky
Language acquisition device
- all born with innate ability to learn language from parents
Rooting reflex
Make sucking motion with mouth when cheeks touch bare skin (breast feeding instinct)
Temperament
person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Zygote
fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo
Embryo
developing human organism from 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month
Fetus
the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
