Chapter One Flashcards
Socrates/Plato theory
Mind is separate from body and we are born with natural knowledge
Aristotle’s theory
Knowledge comes from learned experience
John Locke’s theory
Tabula Rosa -> “Blank slate”
Believed in empiricism
- born with no knowledge, comes from exp
Descartes’ theory
Cogito Ergo Sum-> “I think, therefore I am.”
- believed our reflexes were fluids
running through our bodies
Introspection
Examining or observing ones own mental and emotional processes
Wilhelm Wundt
Created first psych lab (Germany)
- structuralism-> what brain regions
connect to what
- combines emotions with sensations
William James
(America) Functionalism-> combine emotions with reactions
Sigmund Freud
Psychodynamic theory-> dominated subconscious controlled by childhood
Ex: defense mechanisms
John B. Watson
Founder of behaviorism
B. F. Skinner
Behaviorist using positive and negative reinforcement
Charles Darwin
Evolutionary psychology-> natural selection
Humanistic
Promoting self-growth/fulfillment
- free will💕💕💕
People of humanism
Carl Rogers- positive self esteem
Abraham Maslow- hierarchal needs (priorities)
Psychodynamic
How unconscious drives/conflicts influence behavior-> later used to treat disorders 💕💕💕
Biological (neuroscience)
Studies link between biological (genetics)/psychological processes
- brain and body keys to understand behavior
Evolutionary
(Darwinian, sociobiological)
Studies roots of behavior using natural selection
Behavioral
Study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning💕💕💕
Cognitive
Study of mental activities associated with thinking and knowing
- how someone thinks
Sociocultural
Study of how situations/cultures affect our behavior and thinking
- looks at environment💕💕💕💕
Developmental
Study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout your life (womb to tomb)
Social
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Ex: listening to Pope vs. Meddaugh
Educational
Study of how psych processes affect/enhance teaching and learning
Personality
Study of individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Biological
Exploring the links between brain and mind
Cognitive
Experimenting how we perceive, think, and solve problems
Basic vs applied research
Increasing scientific knowledge vs. Using that knowledge to solve problems
Industrial-organizational psych
Application of psych concepts to optimize human behavior in the work force
Human factors psych
Study of how people/machines interact
Psychology vs psychiatry
Science of behavior/mental process vs. branch of medicine with psych disorders (can prescribe medicine)
Counseling psych
Helps people struggling with their well-being
Clinical psych
Studies, assesses, and treats people with psych disorders
Dorothea Dix
Calls need for hospitals for mentally disabled (asylums)
G. Stanley Hall
First president of APA
Psychometrics
Study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits
Biopsychosocial
Integrates levels of biological, psychological, and social-cultural analysis
List the seven approaches of psychology
Biological, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and social-cultural
List the six subfields/branches of psychology
Developmental, social, educational, personality, biological, and cognitive
Structuralism
Early school of psych that used introspection to explore the minds structural elements
Functionalism
School of psych focusing on our mental/behavioral processes (to adapt, to survive)
Cognitive neuroscience
Study of brain activity linked to perception, thinking, and memory
Margaret Washburn
First female APA president, first female with psych degree
Mary Calkins
First female to attend Harvard for psych, didn’t get degree
Ivan Pavlov
Studied classical stimuli (ex: school bell)
Carl Rogers
Humanistic- positive self esteem
Abraham Maslow
Humanistic- hierarchical needs (priorities)
