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My AP Psychology > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Socrates/Plato theory

A

Mind is separate from body and we are born with natural knowledge

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2
Q

Aristotle’s theory

A

Knowledge comes from learned experience

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3
Q

John Locke’s theory

A

Tabula Rosa -> “Blank slate”
Believed in empiricism
- born with no knowledge, comes from exp

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4
Q

Descartes’ theory

A

Cogito Ergo Sum-> “I think, therefore I am.”
- believed our reflexes were fluids
running through our bodies

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5
Q

Introspection

A

Examining or observing ones own mental and emotional processes

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6
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Created first psych lab (Germany)
- structuralism-> what brain regions
connect to what
- combines emotions with sensations

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7
Q

William James

A

(America) Functionalism-> combine emotions with reactions

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8
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychodynamic theory-> dominated subconscious controlled by childhood
Ex: defense mechanisms

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9
Q

John B. Watson

A

Founder of behaviorism

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10
Q

B. F. Skinner

A

Behaviorist using positive and negative reinforcement

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11
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Evolutionary psychology-> natural selection

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12
Q

Humanistic

A

Promoting self-growth/fulfillment

- free will💕💕💕

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13
Q

People of humanism

A

Carl Rogers- positive self esteem

Abraham Maslow- hierarchal needs (priorities)

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14
Q

Psychodynamic

A

How unconscious drives/conflicts influence behavior-> later used to treat disorders 💕💕💕

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15
Q

Biological (neuroscience)

A

Studies link between biological (genetics)/psychological processes
- brain and body keys to understand behavior

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16
Q

Evolutionary

A

(Darwinian, sociobiological)

Studies roots of behavior using natural selection

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17
Q

Behavioral

A

Study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning💕💕💕

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18
Q

Cognitive

A

Study of mental activities associated with thinking and knowing
- how someone thinks

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19
Q

Sociocultural

A

Study of how situations/cultures affect our behavior and thinking
- looks at environment💕💕💕💕

20
Q

Developmental

A

Study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout your life (womb to tomb)

21
Q

Social

A

Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Ex: listening to Pope vs. Meddaugh

22
Q

Educational

A

Study of how psych processes affect/enhance teaching and learning

23
Q

Personality

A

Study of individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

24
Q

Biological

A

Exploring the links between brain and mind

25
Q

Cognitive

A

Experimenting how we perceive, think, and solve problems

26
Q

Basic vs applied research

A

Increasing scientific knowledge vs. Using that knowledge to solve problems

27
Q

Industrial-organizational psych

A

Application of psych concepts to optimize human behavior in the work force

28
Q

Human factors psych

A

Study of how people/machines interact

29
Q

Psychology vs psychiatry

A

Science of behavior/mental process vs. branch of medicine with psych disorders (can prescribe medicine)

30
Q

Counseling psych

A

Helps people struggling with their well-being

31
Q

Clinical psych

A

Studies, assesses, and treats people with psych disorders

32
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Calls need for hospitals for mentally disabled (asylums)

33
Q

G. Stanley Hall

A

First president of APA

34
Q

Psychometrics

A

Study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

35
Q

Biopsychosocial

A

Integrates levels of biological, psychological, and social-cultural analysis

36
Q

List the seven approaches of psychology

A

Biological, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and social-cultural

37
Q

List the six subfields/branches of psychology

A

Developmental, social, educational, personality, biological, and cognitive

38
Q

Structuralism

A

Early school of psych that used introspection to explore the minds structural elements

39
Q

Functionalism

A

School of psych focusing on our mental/behavioral processes (to adapt, to survive)

40
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Study of brain activity linked to perception, thinking, and memory

41
Q

Margaret Washburn

A

First female APA president, first female with psych degree

42
Q

Mary Calkins

A

First female to attend Harvard for psych, didn’t get degree

43
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Studied classical stimuli (ex: school bell)

44
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic- positive self esteem

45
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Humanistic- hierarchical needs (priorities)

My AP Psychology (8 decks)

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