Chapter One

Question 1

Socrates/Plato theory

Answer 1

Mind is separate from body and we are born with natural knowledge

Question 2

Aristotle’s theory

Answer 2

Knowledge comes from learned experience

Question 3

John Locke’s theory

Answer 3

Tabula Rosa -> “Blank slate”
Believed in empiricism
- born with no knowledge, comes from exp

Question 4

Descartes’ theory

Answer 4

Cogito Ergo Sum-> “I think, therefore I am.”
- believed our reflexes were fluids
running through our bodies

Question 5

Introspection

Answer 5

Examining or observing ones own mental and emotional processes

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

Created first psych lab (Germany)
- structuralism-> what brain regions
connect to what
- combines emotions with sensations

Question 7

William James

Answer 7

(America) Functionalism-> combine emotions with reactions

Question 8

Sigmund Freud

Answer 8

Psychodynamic theory-> dominated subconscious controlled by childhood
Ex: defense mechanisms

Question 9

John B. Watson

Answer 9

Founder of behaviorism

Question 10

B. F. Skinner

Answer 10

Behaviorist using positive and negative reinforcement

Question 11

Charles Darwin

Answer 11

Evolutionary psychology-> natural selection

Question 12

Humanistic

Answer 12

Promoting self-growth/fulfillment

- free will💕💕💕

Question 13

People of humanism

Answer 13

Carl Rogers- positive self esteem

Abraham Maslow- hierarchal needs (priorities)

Question 14

Psychodynamic

Answer 14

How unconscious drives/conflicts influence behavior-> later used to treat disorders 💕💕💕

Question 15

Biological (neuroscience)

Answer 15

Studies link between biological (genetics)/psychological processes
- brain and body keys to understand behavior

Question 16

Evolutionary

Answer 16

(Darwinian, sociobiological)

Studies roots of behavior using natural selection

Question 17

Behavioral

Answer 17

Study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning💕💕💕

Question 18

Cognitive

Answer 18

Study of mental activities associated with thinking and knowing
- how someone thinks

Question 19

Sociocultural

Answer 19

Study of how situations/cultures affect our behavior and thinking
- looks at environment💕💕💕💕

Question 20

Developmental

Answer 20

Study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout your life (womb to tomb)

Question 21

Social

Answer 21

Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
Ex: listening to Pope vs. Meddaugh

Question 22

Educational

Answer 22

Study of how psych processes affect/enhance teaching and learning

Question 23

Personality

Answer 23

Study of individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 24

Biological

Answer 24

Exploring the links between brain and mind

Question 25

Cognitive

Answer 25

Experimenting how we perceive, think, and solve problems

Question 26

Basic vs applied research

Answer 26

Increasing scientific knowledge vs. Using that knowledge to solve problems

Question 27

Industrial-organizational psych

Answer 27

Application of psych concepts to optimize human behavior in the work force

Question 28

Human factors psych

Answer 28

Study of how people/machines interact

Question 29

Psychology vs psychiatry

Answer 29

Science of behavior/mental process vs. branch of medicine with psych disorders (can prescribe medicine)

Question 30

Counseling psych

Answer 30

Helps people struggling with their well-being

Question 31

Clinical psych

Answer 31

Studies, assesses, and treats people with psych disorders

Question 32

Dorothea Dix

Answer 32

Calls need for hospitals for mentally disabled (asylums)

Question 33

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 33

First president of APA

Question 34

Psychometrics

Answer 34

Study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 35

Biopsychosocial

Answer 35

Integrates levels of biological, psychological, and social-cultural analysis

Question 36

List the seven approaches of psychology

Answer 36

Biological, evolutionary, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, humanistic, and social-cultural

Question 37

List the six subfields/branches of psychology

Answer 37

Developmental, social, educational, personality, biological, and cognitive

Question 38

Structuralism

Answer 38

Early school of psych that used introspection to explore the minds structural elements

Question 39

Functionalism

Answer 39

School of psych focusing on our mental/behavioral processes (to adapt, to survive)

Question 40

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 40

Study of brain activity linked to perception, thinking, and memory

Question 41

Margaret Washburn

Answer 41

First female APA president, first female with psych degree

Question 42

Mary Calkins

Answer 42

First female to attend Harvard for psych, didn't get degree

Question 43

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 43

Studied classical stimuli (ex: school bell)

Question 44

Carl Rogers

Answer 44

Humanistic- positive self esteem

Question 45

Abraham Maslow

Answer 45

Humanistic- hierarchical needs (priorities)