Unit 7A Memory Flashcards
Memory
Learning that has persisted over time, info stored that can be retrieved
Encoding
Processing of info into memory system (ex: extract meaning)
Storage
Retention of encoded info over time
Retrieval
Process of getting info out of memory storage
Order of human memory system
Encode, store, retrieve
Sensory memory
Immediate, brief recording of sensory info in memory system
Short term memory
Activated memory that holds few items briefly before being stored or forgotten (ex: phone number)
Long term memory
Relatively permanent/limitless storehouse including knowledge, skills, and experiences
Process of forming long term
Event-> sensory memory-> working/short term-> long term able to be retrieved
Working memory
Newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious processing of info
Parallel processing
Processing of many aspects simultaneously, brains natural way to process
Automatic processing
Unconscious coding of info such as space, time and well-learned info
Effortful processing
Encoding that requires attention/effort (ex: studying)
Rehearsal
Conscious repetition of info to maintain or encode
Ebbinghaus retention “forgetting” curve
As rehearsal increases, relearning time decreases
Spacing effect
Distributed study to yield better long term retention versus mass study
Serial position effect
Tendency to recall the first/last items best in series
Visual/acoustic/semantic encoding
Encoding pictures/sound/meaning
Chunking
Organize items into familiar units, occurs automatically
Iconic memory
Sensory memory of visual stimuli (photo memory lasting for less than second)
Echoic memory
Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli (recalled after few seconds)
Implicit memory
Retention independent of conscious recollection (beliefs, values, morals, motor skills)
Explicit memory
Memory of facts and experiences one can consciously know
Recall
Measure of memory to retrieve info learned earlier (fill in blank)
Recognition
Measure of memory to identify items previously learned (multiple Choice)
Proactive interference
Disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new info (old interrupts new)
Retroactive interference
Disruptive effect of new learning on old info (new interferes old)
Liz Loftus
Says human memory isn’t always accurate, misinformation effect
Misinformation effect
Forget memories and make false pieces to fill gaps
Repression
Psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanism, banishes feelings
Confabulation
Create memory out of no truth
Mandela effect
Believe something is true even though know it’s not
Storage decay
Store memory, no use/practice, forgotten
Source amnesia
Retain memory of event but not context in which acquired, attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced
Retrograde amnesia
Can’t remember what happened prior to traumatic event
Anterograde amnesia
Can’t form any new memories after traumatic event (50 first dates)
Deja vu
False sense that already experience current situation
- repeated former memory
Hippocampus
a component of the limbic system involved in establishing long term memories
Acoustic encoding
use of auditory stimuli or hearing to implant memories
Flashbulb memory
clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event
Priming
method used to measure unconscious cognitive processes in which a person is exposed to info
-people respond faster or better to an item if a similar item preceded it
