Unit 7A Memory

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

Learning that has persisted over time, info stored that can be retrieved

Question 2

Encoding

Answer 2

Processing of info into memory system (ex: extract meaning)

Question 3

Storage

Answer 3

Retention of encoded info over time

Question 4

Retrieval

Answer 4

Process of getting info out of memory storage

Question 5

Order of human memory system

Answer 5

Encode, store, retrieve

Question 6

Sensory memory

Answer 6

Immediate, brief recording of sensory info in memory system

Question 7

Short term memory

Answer 7

Activated memory that holds few items briefly before being stored or forgotten (ex: phone number)

Question 8

Long term memory

Answer 8

Relatively permanent/limitless storehouse including knowledge, skills, and experiences

Question 9

Process of forming long term

Answer 9

Event-> sensory memory-> working/short term-> long term able to be retrieved

Question 10

Working memory

Answer 10

Newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious processing of info

Question 11

Parallel processing

Answer 11

Processing of many aspects simultaneously, brains natural way to process

Question 12

Automatic processing

Answer 12

Unconscious coding of info such as space, time and well-learned info

Question 13

Effortful processing

Answer 13

Encoding that requires attention/effort (ex: studying)

Question 14

Rehearsal

Answer 14

Conscious repetition of info to maintain or encode

Question 15

Ebbinghaus retention “forgetting” curve

Answer 15

As rehearsal increases, relearning time decreases

Question 16

Spacing effect

Answer 16

Distributed study to yield better long term retention versus mass study

Question 17

Serial position effect

Answer 17

Tendency to recall the first/last items best in series

Question 18

Visual/acoustic/semantic encoding

Answer 18

Encoding pictures/sound/meaning

Question 19

Chunking

Answer 19

Organize items into familiar units, occurs automatically

Question 20

Iconic memory

Answer 20

Sensory memory of visual stimuli (photo memory lasting for less than second)

Question 21

Echoic memory

Answer 21

Momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli (recalled after few seconds)

Question 22

Implicit memory

Answer 22

Retention independent of conscious recollection (beliefs, values, morals, motor skills)

Question 23

Explicit memory

Answer 23

Memory of facts and experiences one can consciously know

Question 24

Recall

Answer 24

Measure of memory to retrieve info learned earlier (fill in blank)

Question 25

Recognition

Answer 25

Measure of memory to identify items previously learned (multiple Choice)

Question 26

Proactive interference

Answer 26

Disruptive effect of prior learning on recall of new info (old interrupts new)

Question 27

Retroactive interference

Answer 27

Disruptive effect of new learning on old info (new interferes old)

Question 28

Liz Loftus

Answer 28

Says human memory isn’t always accurate, misinformation effect

Question 29

Misinformation effect

Answer 29

Forget memories and make false pieces to fill gaps

Question 30

Repression

Answer 30

Psychoanalytic theory, defense mechanism, banishes feelings

Question 31

Confabulation

Answer 31

Create memory out of no truth

Question 32

Mandela effect

Answer 32

Believe something is true even though know it’s not

Question 33

Storage decay

Answer 33

Store memory, no use/practice, forgotten

Question 34

Source amnesia

Answer 34

Retain memory of event but not context in which acquired, attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced

Question 35

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 35

Can’t remember what happened prior to traumatic event

Question 36

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 36

Can’t form any new memories after traumatic event (50 first dates)

Question 37

Deja vu

Answer 37

False sense that already experience current situation

- repeated former memory

Question 38

Hippocampus

Answer 38

a component of the limbic system involved in establishing long term memories

Question 39

Acoustic encoding

Answer 39

use of auditory stimuli or hearing to implant memories

Question 40

Flashbulb memory

Answer 40

clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Question 41

Priming

Answer 41

method used to measure unconscious cognitive processes in which a person is exposed to info
-people respond faster or better to an item if a similar item preceded it