Unit 9

Question 1

Define the Camp David Accords.

Answer 1

ended 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel; the first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country

Question 2

Define intifada.

Answer 2

Palestinian campaign of civil disobedience

Question 3

Define the Oslo Peace Accords.

Answer 3

a surprise document known as the Declaration of Principles created in Oslo, Norway

Question 4

Define Politburo.

Answer 4

ruling committee of the Communist party

Question 5

Define glasnost.

Answer 5

Soviet policy of openness introduced by Gorbachev

Question 6

Define perestroika.

Answer 6

Gorbachev introduced economic reconstruction

Question 7

Define CIS.

Answer 7

“Commonwealth of Independent States”; a loose association of former Soviet republics that was formed after the breakup of the Soviet Union

Question 8

Define “shock therapy”.

Answer 8

Yelstin’s plan of abrupt shift to free-market economics

Question 9

Define PLO.

Answer 9

“Palestine Liberation Organization”; dedicated to the establishment of an independent state for the Palestinians

Question 10

Define solidarity.

Answer 10

a Polish labor Union during the 1980’s that was the main force of opposition to Communist rule in Poland

Question 11

Define reunification.

Answer 11

the merging of the two Germanys after the fall of Communism in East Germany

Question 12

Define ethnic cleansing.

Answer 12

a policy in which Serbian military forces used violence and forced emigration against Bosnian Muslims living in Serb-held lands in order to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population

Question 13

Define The Four Modernizations.

Answer 13

Deng Xiaoping’s goals that called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, science, and technology

Question 14

Describe how Israel became an independent nation, and what resulted from it.

Answer 14

The UN voted to make the Jews a state. Also because of the Holocaust other counties felt bad for the Jewish. After it became an independent nation, 6 Islamic states invaded Israel but Israel won.

Question 15

Explain how the election of F. W. de Klerk marked the beginning of a new era in South African society.

Answer 15

F. W. de Klerk legalized the ANC (African National Congress), released Mandela, and agreed to hold universal elections.

Question 16

How did the failed coup accelerate the breakup of the Soviet Union?

Answer 16

Estonia, Latvia, and other republics declared independence.

Question 17

Describe the serious problems Germany faded after reunification.

Answer 17

Communist rule had left Germany in ruins. The railroads, highways, and telephone system hadn’t been modernized since WWII. East German industries could not compete in the global market.

Question 18

Explain how Deng’s Four Modernizations affected agriculture and technology in China.

Answer 18

He eliminated communes and leased land to farmers in exchange for food to be sent to the government. This increased food production by 50%. Deng allowed private businesses and welcomed foreign technology and investment.

Question 19

Describe what took place at Tiananmen Square in 1989.

Answer 19

Thousands of students declared for Deng Xiaoping to Redfin. The students brought out a 33 foot statue called the “Goddess of Democracy.” Deng sent thousands of soldiers and tanks to attack the protestors hurting thousands.

Question 20

Who was Anwar Sadat?

Answer 20

Egyptian president who initiated the Yom Kippur war with Israel in 1973; made a gesture for peace with Israel, signing the Camp David Accords in 1979; assassinated in 1981 by a group of Muslim extremists

Question 21

Who was Golda Meir?

Answer 21

prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur war; launched a counterattack and regained most of the lost territory that Egypt had gained during the initial attack

Question 22

Who was Yasir Arafat?

Answer 22

chairman of the PLO beginning in 1969, oversaw the group as it carried out numerous attacks against Israel

Question 23

Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?

Answer 23

became the Soviet leader after Brezhnev; initiated a series of economic and political reforms

Question 24

Who was Boris Yelstin?

Answer 24

became the Russian Federation’s first directly elected president in 1991

Question 25

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Answer 25

leader of the ANC who was imprisoned by the South African government for protesting racist policies, but later became the president in 1994

Question 26

Who was F. W. de Klerk?

Answer 26

president of South Africa in 1989; goal was to transform South Africa; agreed to hold free elections in 1994

Question 27

Who was Lech Walesa?

Answer 27

union leader who became a national hero after the Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland; eventually elected president of Poland in 1990

Question 28

Who was Václav Havel?

Answer 28

elected president of Czechoslovakia after the end of Communist rule; elected president of the Czech Republic after its split with Slovakia

Question 29

Who was Nicolae Ceausescu?

Answer 29

Romania’s Communist dictator who ordered the army to fire on demonstrators in the city of Timosaura, killing and wounding hundred of people

Question 30

Who was Zhou Enlai?

Answer 30

premier of China during Mao’s regime; opened up relations with the U.S. by inviting the table-tennis team to visit China

Question 31

Who was Deng Xiaoping?

Answer 31

emerged as the most powerful leader in China in 1980; launched an ambitious program of economic reforms