Unit 9 Flashcards
Define the Camp David Accords.
ended 30 years of hostilities between Egypt and Israel; the first signed agreement between Israel and an Arab country
Define intifada.
Palestinian campaign of civil disobedience
Define the Oslo Peace Accords.
a surprise document known as the Declaration of Principles created in Oslo, Norway
Define Politburo.
ruling committee of the Communist party
Define glasnost.
Soviet policy of openness introduced by Gorbachev
Define perestroika.
Gorbachev introduced economic reconstruction
Define CIS.
“Commonwealth of Independent States”; a loose association of former Soviet republics that was formed after the breakup of the Soviet Union
Define “shock therapy”.
Yelstin’s plan of abrupt shift to free-market economics
Define PLO.
“Palestine Liberation Organization”; dedicated to the establishment of an independent state for the Palestinians
Define solidarity.
a Polish labor Union during the 1980’s that was the main force of opposition to Communist rule in Poland
Define reunification.
the merging of the two Germanys after the fall of Communism in East Germany
Define ethnic cleansing.
a policy in which Serbian military forces used violence and forced emigration against Bosnian Muslims living in Serb-held lands in order to rid Bosnia of its Muslim population
Define The Four Modernizations.
Deng Xiaoping’s goals that called for progress in agriculture, industry, defense, science, and technology
Describe how Israel became an independent nation, and what resulted from it.
The UN voted to make the Jews a state. Also because of the Holocaust other counties felt bad for the Jewish. After it became an independent nation, 6 Islamic states invaded Israel but Israel won.
Explain how the election of F. W. de Klerk marked the beginning of a new era in South African society.
F. W. de Klerk legalized the ANC (African National Congress), released Mandela, and agreed to hold universal elections.
How did the failed coup accelerate the breakup of the Soviet Union?
Estonia, Latvia, and other republics declared independence.
Describe the serious problems Germany faded after reunification.
Communist rule had left Germany in ruins. The railroads, highways, and telephone system hadn’t been modernized since WWII. East German industries could not compete in the global market.
Explain how Deng’s Four Modernizations affected agriculture and technology in China.
He eliminated communes and leased land to farmers in exchange for food to be sent to the government. This increased food production by 50%. Deng allowed private businesses and welcomed foreign technology and investment.
Describe what took place at Tiananmen Square in 1989.
Thousands of students declared for Deng Xiaoping to Redfin. The students brought out a 33 foot statue called the “Goddess of Democracy.” Deng sent thousands of soldiers and tanks to attack the protestors hurting thousands.
Who was Anwar Sadat?
Egyptian president who initiated the Yom Kippur war with Israel in 1973; made a gesture for peace with Israel, signing the Camp David Accords in 1979; assassinated in 1981 by a group of Muslim extremists
Who was Golda Meir?
prime minister of Israel during the Yom Kippur war; launched a counterattack and regained most of the lost territory that Egypt had gained during the initial attack
Who was Yasir Arafat?
chairman of the PLO beginning in 1969, oversaw the group as it carried out numerous attacks against Israel
Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
became the Soviet leader after Brezhnev; initiated a series of economic and political reforms
Who was Boris Yelstin?
became the Russian Federation’s first directly elected president in 1991
Who was Nelson Mandela?
leader of the ANC who was imprisoned by the South African government for protesting racist policies, but later became the president in 1994
Who was F. W. de Klerk?
president of South Africa in 1989; goal was to transform South Africa; agreed to hold free elections in 1994
Who was Lech Walesa?
union leader who became a national hero after the Gdansk shipyard strike in Poland; eventually elected president of Poland in 1990
Who was Václav Havel?
elected president of Czechoslovakia after the end of Communist rule; elected president of the Czech Republic after its split with Slovakia
Who was Nicolae Ceausescu?
Romania’s Communist dictator who ordered the army to fire on demonstrators in the city of Timosaura, killing and wounding hundred of people
Who was Zhou Enlai?
premier of China during Mao’s regime; opened up relations with the U.S. by inviting the table-tennis team to visit China
Who was Deng Xiaoping?
emerged as the most powerful leader in China in 1980; launched an ambitious program of economic reforms
