Unit 3 Flashcards
Define creoles.
colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents
Define mestizos.
a person of mixed European and Indian ancestry
Define peninsulares.
a colonist of Spanish ancestry
Define mulattos.
a person of mixed European and African ancestry
What was a conservative?
A conservative was a European in the first half of the 19th century who wanted to preserve the traditional monarchies of Europe.
What was a liberal?
A liberal was a European in the first half of the 19th century who wanted to give more political power to elected parliaments.
What was a radical?
A radical was a European in the first half of the 19th century who favored drastic change to extend the democracy to all people.
Define nationalism.
the belief that people should be loyal to mainly their nation, to the people with whom they share a culture and history with
Define crop rotation.
the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land
Define industrialization.
the development of industries for the machine production of goods
What is factors of production?
Factors of production are the resources including land, labor, and capital that are needed to produce goods and services.
Define laissez faire.
the idea that the government should not interfere with or regulate industries and businesses
Define “going on strike.”
to refuse to work in order to force an employer to meet certain demands
How did the Industrial Revolution prove to be a mixed blessing for women?
Factory work offered higher wages and they formed unions so that some became safety inspectors and ran settlement houses. They gained women’s rights.
What is capitalism?
Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.
What is utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism was a theory proposed by Jeremy Betham in the late 1700’s that government actions are useful only if they promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
What is socialism?
Socialism is an economic system in which the factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all.
What is communism?
Communism is an economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people, private property doesn’t exist, and all goods and services are shared equally.
What were four of the factors that contributed to industrialization in Britain?
1) lots of natural resources
2) good banking system
3) expanding economy
4) population growth
What factors led to the United States’ technological boom?
- lots of natural resources
- lots of new inventions
- increased urban population that consumed the new goods
Who was Simón Bolívar?
He was a revolutionary leader from Venezuela and was known as the “George Washington of South America.”
Who was José de San Martin?
He was an Argentinean revolutionary leader who liberated Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
Who was José María Morelos?
He led Mexican Rebels against the Spanish after Miguel Hidalgo in 1811.
Who was Miguel Hidalgo?
He was a priest from Dolores who issued the call for rebellion in Mexico.
Who was Louis Napoleon?
He won the French presidential election in 1848 and four years later took the title of emperor. Be built railroads, encouraged industrialization, and promoted an ambitious program of public works.
Who was Alexander II?
He was a Russian czar, who decided to move Russia toward modernization and social change; believed that his reforms would allow Russia to compete with Western Europe for world power.
Who was Jethro Tull?
He was one of the first scientific farmers; invented a seed drill that allowed farmers to sow seeds in well-spaced rows at specific depths so that a larger share of seeds took root, boosting crop yields.
Who was Eli Whitney?
He was an American who invented the cotton gin, which multiplied the amount of cotton that could be cleaned.
Who was Adam Smith?
He defended the idea of a free economy, or free markets in his 1776 book “The Wealth of Nations.” He felt that economic liberty guaranteed economic progress and that government should not interfere.
Who was Karl Marx?
He was a German journalist who co-wrote “The Communist Manifesto,” which introduced the world to a radical type of socialism called Marxism.
What are the social classes of Latin America from the highest ranking to the lowest ranking?
1) Ruler
2) Peninsulares
3) Creoles
4) Mestizos
5) Mulattos
6) Indians
