Unit 4

Question 1

Define racism.

Answer 1

the belief that one race is superior to others

Question 2

Define Social Darwinism.

Answer 2

the application of Charles Darwin’s ideas about evolution and “survival of the fittest” to human societies particularly as justification for imperialist expansion

Question 3

Define Boer.

Answer 3

a Dutch colonist in South Africa

Question 4

Define Boer War.

Answer 4

a conflict, lasting from 1899-1902, in which the Boers and the British fought for control of territory in South Africa

Question 5

Define paternalism.

Answer 5

a policy of treating subject people as if they were children, providing for their needs but not giving them rights

Question 6

Define assimilation.

Answer 6

policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs

Question 7

Define caudillo.

Answer 7

a military dictator of a Latin American country

Question 8

Define Monroe Doctrine.

Answer 8

U.S. policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823

Question 9

Define Spanish-American War.

Answer 9

a conflict between the U.S. and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cuban’s fight for independence; occurred in 1898

Question 10

Define Panama Canal.

Answer 10

a human-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific, built in Panama by the U.S. and opened in 1914

Question 11

Define Roosevelt Corollary.

Answer 11

President Theodore Roosevelt’s 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared the U.S. having the right to exercise “police power” throughout the Western Hemisphere

Question 12

Name three motives behind the European race for colonies.

Answer 12

1) strong sense of national pride
2) wanted to “westernize” the people
3) racism

Question 13

Name the outcomes of the Berlin Conference in 1884 and 1885.

Answer 13

• any European country could claim African land
• European nations divided the continent
• only Liberia and Ethiopia were free

Question 14

What were the four methods of European colonial control that emerged over time?

Answer 14

1) colony
2) protectorate
3) sphere of influence
4) economic imperialism

Question 15

Why did European powers race each other to claim land in Southeast Asia?

Answer 15

Southeast Asia was perfect for plantations and was a trade route to China.

Question 16

Describe the system of peonage in Latin American.

Answer 16

The debt of workers kept increasing and was passed from one generation to the next. This system treated the “free” workers little better than slaves.

Question 17

Describe the events leading up to the battle between Mexico and Texas.

Answer 17

Tensions grew over slavery and religions as populations grew. Many Texas colonists wanted self-government but Mexico refused so Stephen Austin encouraged the revolt.

Question 18

Who was Shaka?

Answer 18

He was a Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state in Southern Africa

Question 19

Who was Cecil Rhodes?

Answer 19

He was a successful British businessman and a major supporter of British expansion in Africa.

Question 20

Who was Liliuokalani?

Answer 20

She was Hawaii’s only queen and last monarch; called for a new constitution to increase her power and restore the political power of Hawaiians at the expense of wealthy American planters.

Question 21

Who was José Martí?

Answer 21

He was a writer who had been exiled from Cuba by the Spanish; returned to launch a second war for independence.

Question 22

Who was Santa Anna?

Answer 22

The Mexican president for four terms; lost the battle for Texas; lost the war to the U.S. giving the U.S. Mexican land that included California and the American Southwest.

Question 23

Who was Benito Juárez?

Answer 23

He was a poor Zapotec Indian and was elected president of Mexico in 1861. Be fought against French inca assign and was reelected president in 1867.

Question 24

Who was Porfirio Diaz?

Answer 24

He was a Mexican Indian from Oaxaca who became a noted general in the civil war and the fight against the French. He ousted Juárez from presidency and became president. He used strong-arm methods to remain president and crated order in Mexico.

Question 25

Who was Francisco Madero?

Answer 25

He believed in democracy and wanted to strengthen its hold on Mexico. He announced his candidacy for president in 1910 but Diaz had him arrested. From exile to the U.S., he called for an armed revolution against Diaz.

Question 26

Who was Pancho Villa?

Answer 26

He was a military leader in the northern part of Mexico. He had a bold Robin Hood policy of taking money from the rich and giving it to the poor.

Question 27

Who was Emiliano Zapata?

Answer 27

He was a military leader in the southern part of Mexico. He was determined to see that land was returned to peasants and small farmers. He wanted the laws reformed to protect their rights.

Question 28

Define imperialism.

Answer 28

a policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially