Unit 9

Question 1

What type of war was the Cold War?

Answer 1

It was made up of many proxy wars, which were basically the “passive-aggressive” type of war, with no actual fighting; there was just lots of ongoing political rivalry between the Soviet Union and the United States

Question 2

What caused the Cold War?

Answer 2

Ideological and political rivalry between the Soviet Union and the US, the race for nuclear arms, the “space race”, and differing ideas on how a country should be run

Question 3

Marshall Plan

Answer 3

Funds from the United States were given to European countries to reconstruct their industry and infrastructure. These European countries then used those funds and bought supplies from America. This was considered an economic miracle, as it stimulated America’s economy while simultaneously helping European countries recover from WWII

Question 4

The Iron Curtain

Answer 4

A political metaphor used to describe the political boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas during the Cold War

Question 5

What part of Germany was on the West side of the Iron Curtain, and which one the East?

Answer 5

The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) was on the West side and actually democratic, and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was on the East side and communist

Question 6

What did the Cold War involve?

Answer 6

Heavy propaganda on both sides, covert actions, and “hot wars” including the Vietnam War and the Korean War, multiple closely missed nuclear wars, and the “space race”

Question 7

What kinds of world monetary and trade systems were made?

Answer 7

The International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 8

What power did countries east of the Iron Curtain come under the control of?

Answer 8

The Soviet Union

Question 9

Warsaw Pact

Answer 9

A treaty between all the countries east of the Iron Curtain

Question 10

What types of restrictions were the Soviet Bloc (countries east of the Iron Curtain) under?

Answer 10

They lost individual rights and freedoms, suppression of dissent, and constraint of emigration for various populations

Question 11

Khrushchev’s de-Stalinization policies

Answer 11

After Stalin’s death, his successor, Khrushchev, wanted to dissociate himself from Stalin, so this process was meant to do just that by attempting to end large-scale forced labor in the economy and destroy Stalin’s public image. However, it was highly unsuccessful as Soviets had been trained to admire Stalin, and it severely damaged the prestige of the Soviet Union and contributed to uprisings in Poland and Hungary

Question 12

What disrupted post-WWII peace?

Answer 12

Nationalist and separatist movements, which then resulted in war and genocide in the Balkans

Question 13

What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991?

Answer 13

Mikhail Gorbachev’s internal reforms of perestroika and glasnost, which initially designed to make the Soviet Union more flexible, failed to stave off the collapse of the USSR

Question 14

What were some causes and effects of the end of the Cold War?

Answer 14

The collapse of the USSR; capitalist economies throughout Eastern Europe were established, the Czechs and Slovaks parted, Germany was reunited, and the European Union was enlarged through the admission of Eastern bloc countries

Question 15

Simone de Beauvoir

Answer 15

She is known for her groundbreaking feminist beliefs and her book “The Second Sex”, which discusses the unfair treatment of women being second-class citizens

Question 16

What rights did women finally gain through the efforts of feminists?

Answer 16

The right to vote, greater educational opportunities, and access to professional careers, although they still faced social inequities

Question 17

The European Union (EU)

Answer 17

European states began to set aside nationalist rivalries in favor of economic and political integration, forming a series of transnational unions that grew in size and scope over the second half of the 20th century, including the European Union

Question 18

European Coal and Steel Community

Answer 18

Envisioned as a means to spur postwar economic recovery in the late 20th century; eventually developed into the European Economic Community (EEC)

Question 19

How did the EU affect national and European identity

Answer 19

EU member nations continue to balance questions of national sovereignty with the responsibilities of membership in an economic and political union

Question 20

What were some causes of migration and immigration within Europe?

Answer 20

The economic growth in the 1950s and 60s, although many of these immigrants were subject to anti-immigration and xenophobia later on; it altered Europe’s religious makeup, sparking debate and conflict

Question 21

Anti-immigration conservative parties

Answer 21

French National Front and the Austria Freedom Party both called for the strengthening of borders and deportations

Question 22

What types of new practices in medicine caused moral questions?

Answer 22

The introduction to birth control, abortion, fertility treatments and genetic engineering created dispute and debate religiously and politically