Unit 4 Flashcards
Contextualize the Scientific Revolution
While existing traditions and beliefs continued through and after the Sci Rev, new ideas, inspiration, experimentation and observations led to the Sci Rev
What effect did the Scientific Revolution have on Europe?
Astronomy, medicine and reasoning (all of which were emerging from a new emphasis on Humanism) changed the social, political and economic landscape of Europe as the power of the Catholic Church was, once again, undermined
Who were the “major players” of the Scientific Revolution?
Copernicus, Kepler, Bacon and Descartes
Heliocentric View
Contrary to the Geocentric View, the universe revolved around the Sun, not the Earth. This idea was originally put forth by Nicolaus Copernicus, but was confirmed by Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei
Why was the Catholic Church unhappy about the new Heliocentric View?
- They were still trying to renew their reputation because all this was going on during the Catholic Reformation
- They affirmed the Geocentric View, so for a bunch of science guys to agree that the church was essentially wrong was not very pleasing to them
Who was Galen and what did he believe?
He was an ancient Greek who’s findings were widely accepted by Europe until the Sci Rev. He believed in the Humoral Theory, which stated that the body was made up of four different types of substances or humors, and when the body was unhealthy, you needed more or less of one of those four humors
How did Paracelsus and William Harvey’s findings reject Galen’s?
They rejected the Humoral Theory by claiming that disease was caused by chemical imbalance, and chemical remedies could solve those imbalances. Also stated that the circulatory system was integrated as a whole, not two types of blood, like Galen previously thought
Francis Bacon
Pioneer of inductive reasoning, creator of the Scientific Method
What was the Enlightenment and where did it begin?
A movement that applied reasoning of the Scientific Revolution and applied it to economics and politics; France
Voltaire
The most famous of the French philosophes; wrote about his criticisms of the religious intolerance that went on in France; believed people were naturally greedy and therefore needed a strong Enlightened monarch to rule over them
Denis Diderot
Deist French philosophe who wrote the Encyclopedia, which was a revolutionary secular document with tens of thousands of entries filled with knowledge based off of Enlightenment principles
What was the influence of Enlightenment thought on Europe?
Many doctrines such as skepticism and rationalism challenged religious ideas further, mercantilist theory was also challenged, and the idea of reliance on absolute monarchs was explored by many, including intellectuals
Who were some Enlightened Absolutists, and what did they all have in common?
Frederick the Great of Prussia and Catherine the Great of Russia were two prime examples who both made reforms that gave less power to the nobles and the church and favored the working class, slyly giving more power to themselves while disguising it as generosity
How did the societal norms of marriage and childhood shift?
There were now many children born out of wedlock, infant and child mortality decreased, and children were now seen as actual kids with different brain development, rather than small-sized adults
Large-scale urbanization
Because the Ag Revolution required less field workers, many jobless citizens moved to urban cities to look for work, and found it in factories, kickstarting the Industrial Revolution
