Unit 5 Flashcards
What kind of conflicts were happening around the late 18th century, specifically in France?
Namely the French Revolution, plus commercial rivalries, and opposition to Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution ideas
What were some consequences of maritime competition (rivalry between nations for naval power and exploration) in the late 18th century?
It influenced warfare among European states, especially regarding control over Atlantic influence and the British dominating in India and the Netherlands
What were the causes of the French Revolution?
French King Louis XVI’s extremely poor rule, especially regarding monetary investments in frequent, useless wars and personal luxuries; the French people were unhappy that France was not conforming with Enlightenment ideals; Louis aiding to the American Revolution
What were some actions taken by the people during the moderate phase of the French Revolution?
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen; Civil Constitution of the Clergy; Constitution of 1791; abolition of provinces and division of France into departments
How were some women involved in the French Revolution?
A prime example is the October March of Versailles, which was spontaneously organized by women all over the marketplaces of Paris as they were complaining of the high prices and scarcity of bread. A woman named Olympe de Gouges also wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen (obviously a play on the DOTROMAC)
What was the Jacobin club and who led them?
It was a highly radical political group led by Maximilien Robespierre during the French Revolution whose purpose was to protect the revolution’s causes from any potential aristocratic reaction
The Reign of Terror
Enacted by the Jacobins; enforced extremely strict, tyrannous rules that led to many beheadings out of paranoia of rebellion and traitors on the leaders’ behalf
How did the French Revolution influence political and social ideas throughout Europe?
It inspired the idea of equality and human rights, though it was often looked down upon due to its use of violence
How did Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power?
He had a respected reputation as a military officer during the French Rev, so in 1799 he and his allies overthrew the French Directory government and he was elected as First Consulate. Napoleon then soon elected himself as emperor in 1804, under the support of the vast majority of France
What kind of reforms did Napoleon make during his rule?
Namely known for his Napoleonic Code (sometimes known as the Civil Code), under it he stripped status-based privilege, instituted equality for all (but not as much for women, of course), freed peasants from serfdom, and established a national education system for youth
Describe Napoleon’s fall and what followed it
He was defeated at Waterloo by varying European powers, and the Congress of Vienna was established shortly after in 1814 and they exiled Napoleon on an island named Elba off the coast of Italy
What was the purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
It’s goal was to restore the balance of power and smother any revolutions before they got out of hand; it was successful for a long time
What countries were in the Congress of Vienna?
Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria and Prussia
What were the main themes of Romanticism?
Emotion, passion, and self-feeling over reason; leaning towards your heart, rather than your head, per se
How did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment thought?
Because the Enlightenment emphasized reason, Romanticism was the opposite, as it emphasized feelings and emotions
