Unit 8

Question 1

What new technologies made WWI different from any other previous war?

Answer 1

Machine guns, barbed wire, submarines, airplanes, poison gas and tanks

Question 2

What new type of warfare made WWI so unique?

Answer 2

Trench warfare

Question 3

How was nationalism apart of the sparking of WWI?

Answer 3

Because many Slavs were under the control of the Austria-Hungarian Empire, they ended up revolting, causing Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, which made Russia (who promised to defend Serbia if war every broke out) declare war on Austria-Hungary, and many other countries joined in

Question 4

Triple Alliance nations

Answer 4

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy

Question 5

Triple Entente nations

Answer 5

Great Britain, France, and Russia

Question 6

Causes of the Russian Revolution

Answer 6

Economic hardships, incomplete industrialization, food shortages, and government corruption

Question 7

Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 7

Led by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolshevik (or official communist party) seized power and destroyed czarist rule, replacing it with a “socialist republic”

Question 8

What did Lenin do the improve economic performance in Russia?

Answer 8

He compromised communist principles and employed some free-market principles under the New Economic Policy

Question 9

Who technically “won” WWI?

Answer 9

The Triple Entente

Question 10

Who did everyone blame for WWI at the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 10

Germany

Question 11

The League of Nations

Answer 11

Established by US President Woodrow Wilson; created to prevent future wars by ensuring everyone who participated in the League would go to war on a country who first went to war on one of the League countries (Country A go to war on Country B, who’s in League of Nations; all League countries go to war on Country A)

Question 12

Why was the League of Nations unsuccessful?

Answer 12

There was no participation from many great powers, including the US, whose president created the League of Nations!

Question 13

Explain the situation of all the nations at the Treaty of Versailles dumping all the costs of the war reparations on Germany

Answer 13

Germany, who could not pay the reparations for their own country, let alone all the others, dived into a deep hyperinflation and their economic system was basically ruined from all the financial stress

Question 14

What was the Great Depression caused by?

Answer 14

Weaknesses in international trade and monetary theories and practices, debt from WWI, and the American stock market crash in 1929

Question 15

How did the stock market crash of 1929 in America affect countries in Europe?

Answer 15

Because America was in trouble financially, they cut off capital flows to Europe, affecting trade levels

Question 16

Fascism

Answer 16

Extreme authoritarian and nationalist beliefs that result in the belief of a superior race (sort of like Social Darwinism, but with nationalist roots)

Question 17

How did fascism take root post-WWI in Germany?

Answer 17

With heavy propaganda, German authorities made the already angry citizens of Germany direct their anger towards the rest of Europe, particularly Jews, blaming them for the terrible economic state

Question 18

Five Year Plan

Answer 18

Stalin’s economic policy that called for rapid economic and industrial modernization, which came at a high price, including population exhaustion, purges of political rivals, devastating famine in Ukraine, and the creation of an oppressive political system

Question 19

Interwar

Answer 19

A time period between wars (in this case, the period between WWI and WWII)

Question 20

Axis powers

Answer 20

Japan, Italy, Germany

Question 21

Allied powers

Answer 21

America, Britain, Russia

Question 22

What allowed fascist Germany to rearm and expand their territory?

Answer 22

Although it was against the policies stated in the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was able to do this because France and Britain were so desperate to not have another war that they let Germany get away with everything until it was too late and they were completely prepared for another war

Question 23

What did fascist Germany do that broke the rules of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 23

The re-militarization of Rhineland (the west edge of Germany)

Question 24

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact

Answer 24

The 10-year non-aggression pact between Russia and Germany, which was unsurprisingly broken by Germany in 1941, only two years after the pact was signed. The Nazis attacked the Soviet Union without warning in Operation Barbarossa

Question 25

Blitzkrieg

Answer 25

AKA “Lightning war”, this war tactic uses combined arms to surprise attack an opponent in a rapid, overwhelming force

Question 26

What made the Axis powers successful?

Answer 26

German’s Blitzkrieg warfare and Japan’s attacks in Asia and the Pacific

Question 27

What made the Allied powers successful?

Answer 27

Industrial, scientific, and technological power, strong leadership under US President Winston Churchill, and all-out military commitment of the USSR

Question 28

What made WWII unique?

Answer 28

It was the first major war using nuclear weapons

Question 29

How did anti-Semitism play out in Europe during the Holocaust period?

Answer 29

Nazi Germany (with the cooperation of other Axis powers) was fueled by racism, homophobia, and anti-Semitism as they sought to establish a “new racial order” in Europe. Over 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust via death camps like Auschwitz and other forms of mass murder

Question 30

Who did Nazis target?

Answer 30

Jews, disabled people, homosexuals, and others

Question 31

How were the World Wars considered a turning point for women?

Answer 31

They became increasingly involved in military and political mobilization, and continued the movement for women’s suffrage