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Vets 135 > Unit 9 & 10 > Flashcards

Unit 9 & 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Relating to blood vessels

A

Angi/angio

Vas/vaso/vascular

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2
Q

Color for blood low in O2

A

Blue

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3
Q

Color for blood high in O2

A

Red

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4
Q

Are arteries red or blue

A

Red, high O2

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5
Q

Are veins red or blue

A

Blue, low O2

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6
Q

Location of heart

A

Within mediastinum

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7
Q

Caudal part of heart

A

Apex

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8
Q

Cranial part of heart

A

Base

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9
Q

Fibrous sac that holds heart

A

Pericardium

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10
Q

Outermost layer of pericardium, tough & fibrous, slightly loose to allow heart to move

A

Fibrous pericardium

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11
Q

Innermost part of pericardium, composed of two layers

A

Serous pericardium

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12
Q

Outer layer of serous pericardium, smooth & moist

A

Parietal layer

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13
Q

Inner layer of serous pericardium, adhered directly to cardiac muscle

A

Visceral layer (epicardium)

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14
Q

Purpose of pericardial fluid

A

Lubrication, prevents friction

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15
Q

What separates atria from ventricles, anchors heart valves, & provides attachment for myocardium

A

Connective tissue rings

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16
Q

Outmost layer of heart walls (visceral serous pericardium)

A

Epicardium

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17
Q

Muscle layer of heart wall (cardiac muscle)

A

Myocardium

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18
Q

Membrane lining inside of heart walls, simple squamous epithelium

A

Endocardium

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19
Q

Receive blood

A

Atria

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20
Q

Pump blood out of heart

A

Ventricles

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21
Q

Right ventricle pumps blood to

A

Lungs via pulmonary artery

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22
Q

Left ventricle pumps blood to

A

Body via aorta

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23
Q

LAMB

A

Left atrioventricular mitral bicuspid

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24
Q

RAT

A

Right atrioventricular tricuspid

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25
Q

Flaps that make up valves

A

Cusps

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26
Q

Threadlike cords that attach free end of valve to muscle wall of ventricle

A

Chordae Tendinae

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27
Q

Pulmonary valve located where

A

Between RV & pulmonary artery

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28
Q

Aortic valve located where

A

Between LV & aorta

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29
Q

Large vein entering RA, transports low O2 blood to right side of heart

A

Cranial & caudal vena cava

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30
Q

Transports blood from RV to lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

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31
Q

Carry blood from lungs to RA

A

Pulmonary veins

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32
Q

Transports blood from LV to rest of body

A

Aorta

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33
Q

Flow of blood through heart

A

Vena cava, RV, RAT valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, LAMB valve, LV, aortic valve, aorta, rest of body, vena cava..

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34
Q

Each complete beat (contraction/relaxation) of heart constitutes what

A

Cardiac cycle

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35
Q

Contraction of heart called

A

Systole

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36
Q

Relaxation of heart called

A

Diastole

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37
Q

Closure of right & left AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole

A

Lub

38
Q

Closure of aortic & pulmonary valves at beginning of ventricular diastole

A

Dub

39
Q

Specialized area of cardiac muscle cells in RA

A

SA node

40
Q

Pacemaker of heart located where

A

RA

41
Q

SA node generates the impulse, which travels in waves between the cardiac muscle cells in LA & RA so they contract at the same time. Impulse then travels to where

A

AV node

42
Q

The only route for electrical impulses to travel from atria to ventricles

A

AV node

43
Q

Impulse reaches AV node, then travels quickly to what located in the interventricular septum

A

Bundle of His

44
Q

Bundle of His carries impulse to the apex of heart, which then send the signal to where

A

Purkinje Fibers

45
Q

Purkinje Fibers carry impulses up the ventriclar myocardium, eventually causing what to contract

A

Ventricles

46
Q

How to find cardiac output, which is how much blood the heart pumps in a unit of time

A

HR * SV

47
Q

Amount of blood heart ejects with each contraction

A

Stroke volume, mL

48
Q

Number of time heart completes the cardiac cycle in a set amount of time

A

Heart rate, beats per min

49
Q

Law that states increased filling of heart with blood results in increased force of cardiac contraction & increased stroke volume

A

Starling’s law

50
Q

Blood vessels through body, starting with aorta

A

Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries/cells of body, venules, veins, vena cava, heart, aorta

51
Q

Largest artery in body

A

Aorta

52
Q

Exception to the rule that all blood vessels have smooth muscle

A

Capillaries

53
Q

Common site of venipuncture for cats & dogs

A

Cephalic vein of forelimb & jugular vein

54
Q

Another common site of venipuncture for cats

A

Femoral vein of hind limb

55
Q

Another common site of venipuncture for dogs

A

Saphenous vein

56
Q

Common site of venipuncture for cattle

A

Jugular vein & coccygeal vein

57
Q

Common site of venipuncture for horses

A

Jugular vein

58
Q

Common site of venipuncture for pigs

A

Jugular vein & articular vein

59
Q

Common site of venipuncture for rats

A

Coccygeal vein

60
Q

Functions of respiratory system

A

Exchanging O2 and CO2, phonation, regulation of body temp/acid-base balance, sense of smell

61
Q

Upper respiratory tract consists of what

A

Nares, nose, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea

62
Q

What lines nasal passages

A

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, blood vessels underneath

63
Q

What are nasal turbinates

A

Thin, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium

64
Q

Function of nasal turbinates

A

Allow time for air to be humidified, filtered, and warmed

65
Q

How is air warmed

A

Blood vessels

66
Q

How is air humidified

A

Mucus

67
Q

How is air filtered

A

Cilia

68
Q

Ciliated outpouchings of nasal passages contained within certain skull bones are what

A

Paranasal sinuses

69
Q

Passageway for respiratory and digestive systems

A

Pharynx

70
Q

What does the rostral end of the soft palate divide the pharynx into

A

Dorsal nasopharynx & ventral oropharynx

71
Q

Where does the caudal end of pharynx open

A

Dorsally into esophagus, ventrally into larynx

72
Q

What is the tube connecting the pharynx with the trachea

A

Larynx (voice box)

73
Q

Composition of larynx

A

Segments of cartilage (like epiglottis), smooth muscle

74
Q

Supporter for larynx

A

Hyoid bone

75
Q

Functions of larynx

A

Voice production, prevention of foreign material being inhaled, control airflow to/from lungs

76
Q

Cartilage involved with vocal cords

A

Arytenoid

77
Q

Short, wide tube connecting larynx to primary bronchii

A

Trachea

78
Q

What divides the two main bronchi that enter the right & left lungs

A

Bifurcation of trachea

79
Q

Composition of trachea

A

Fibrous tissue & smooth muscle, lined with ciliated epithelium

80
Q

Lower respiratory tract composed of what

A

Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

81
Q

Base of lungs located where

A

In caudal part of thoracic cavity, directly on cranial surface of diaphragm

82
Q

Apex of lungs located where

A

In cranial portion of thoracic cavity

83
Q

Part of lungs that varies between species

A

Lobes

84
Q

Small, well-defined area on medial surface of lungs, the site where air, blood, lymph, and nerves enter the lung

A

Hilas

85
Q

External respiration

A

Occurs in lungs at level of alveoli

86
Q

Internal respiration

A

Occurs all over body

87
Q

Diaphragm does what when it contracts

A

Flattens, therefore enlarging thoracic cavity

88
Q

Main inspiratory muscles

A

Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles

89
Q

Main expiratory muscles

A

Internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles

90
Q

Respiratory center is located where

A

Medulla oblongata

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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