Unit 9 & 10 Flashcards
1
Q
Relating to blood vessels
A
Angi/angio
Vas/vaso/vascular
2
Q
Color for blood low in O2
A
Blue
3
Q
Color for blood high in O2
A
Red
4
Q
Are arteries red or blue
A
Red, high O2
5
Q
Are veins red or blue
A
Blue, low O2
6
Q
Location of heart
A
Within mediastinum
7
Q
Caudal part of heart
A
Apex
8
Q
Cranial part of heart
A
Base
9
Q
Fibrous sac that holds heart
A
Pericardium
10
Q
Outermost layer of pericardium, tough & fibrous, slightly loose to allow heart to move
A
Fibrous pericardium
11
Q
Innermost part of pericardium, composed of two layers
A
Serous pericardium
12
Q
Outer layer of serous pericardium, smooth & moist
A
Parietal layer
13
Q
Inner layer of serous pericardium, adhered directly to cardiac muscle
A
Visceral layer (epicardium)
14
Q
Purpose of pericardial fluid
A
Lubrication, prevents friction
15
Q
What separates atria from ventricles, anchors heart valves, & provides attachment for myocardium
A
Connective tissue rings
16
Q
Outmost layer of heart walls (visceral serous pericardium)
A
Epicardium
17
Q
Muscle layer of heart wall (cardiac muscle)
A
Myocardium
18
Q
Membrane lining inside of heart walls, simple squamous epithelium
A
Endocardium
19
Q
Receive blood
A
Atria
20
Q
Pump blood out of heart
A
Ventricles
21
Q
Right ventricle pumps blood to
A
Lungs via pulmonary artery
22
Q
Left ventricle pumps blood to
A
Body via aorta
23
Q
LAMB
A
Left atrioventricular mitral bicuspid
24
Q
RAT
A
Right atrioventricular tricuspid
25
Flaps that make up valves
Cusps
26
Threadlike cords that attach free end of valve to muscle wall of ventricle
Chordae Tendinae
27
Pulmonary valve located where
Between RV & pulmonary artery
28
Aortic valve located where
Between LV & aorta
29
Large vein entering RA, transports low O2 blood to right side of heart
Cranial & caudal vena cava
30
Transports blood from RV to lungs
Pulmonary artery
31
Carry blood from lungs to RA
Pulmonary veins
32
Transports blood from LV to rest of body
Aorta
33
Flow of blood through heart
Vena cava, RV, RAT valve, RV, pulmonary valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary veins, LA, LAMB valve, LV, aortic valve, aorta, rest of body, vena cava..
34
Each complete beat (contraction/relaxation) of heart constitutes what
Cardiac cycle
35
Contraction of heart called
Systole
36
Relaxation of heart called
Diastole
37
Closure of right & left AV valves at beginning of ventricular systole
Lub
38
Closure of aortic & pulmonary valves at beginning of ventricular diastole
Dub
39
Specialized area of cardiac muscle cells in RA
SA node
40
Pacemaker of heart located where
RA
41
SA node generates the impulse, which travels in waves between the cardiac muscle cells in LA & RA so they contract at the same time. Impulse then travels to where
AV node
42
The only route for electrical impulses to travel from atria to ventricles
AV node
43
Impulse reaches AV node, then travels quickly to what located in the interventricular septum
Bundle of His
44
Bundle of His carries impulse to the apex of heart, which then send the signal to where
Purkinje Fibers
45
Purkinje Fibers carry impulses up the ventriclar myocardium, eventually causing what to contract
Ventricles
46
How to find cardiac output, which is how much blood the heart pumps in a unit of time
HR * SV
47
Amount of blood heart ejects with each contraction
Stroke volume, mL
48
Number of time heart completes the cardiac cycle in a set amount of time
Heart rate, beats per min
49
Law that states increased filling of heart with blood results in increased force of cardiac contraction & increased stroke volume
Starling's law
50
Blood vessels through body, starting with aorta
Aorta, arteries, arterioles, capillaries/cells of body, venules, veins, vena cava, heart, aorta
51
Largest artery in body
Aorta
52
Exception to the rule that all blood vessels have smooth muscle
Capillaries
53
Common site of venipuncture for cats & dogs
Cephalic vein of forelimb & jugular vein
54
Another common site of venipuncture for cats
Femoral vein of hind limb
55
Another common site of venipuncture for dogs
Saphenous vein
56
Common site of venipuncture for cattle
Jugular vein & coccygeal vein
57
Common site of venipuncture for horses
Jugular vein
58
Common site of venipuncture for pigs
Jugular vein & articular vein
59
Common site of venipuncture for rats
Coccygeal vein
60
Functions of respiratory system
Exchanging O2 and CO2, phonation, regulation of body temp/acid-base balance, sense of smell
61
Upper respiratory tract consists of what
Nares, nose, nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea
62
What lines nasal passages
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, blood vessels underneath
63
What are nasal turbinates
Thin, scroll-like bones covered with nasal epithelium
64
Function of nasal turbinates
Allow time for air to be humidified, filtered, and warmed
65
How is air warmed
Blood vessels
66
How is air humidified
Mucus
67
How is air filtered
Cilia
68
Ciliated outpouchings of nasal passages contained within certain skull bones are what
Paranasal sinuses
69
Passageway for respiratory and digestive systems
Pharynx
70
What does the rostral end of the soft palate divide the pharynx into
Dorsal nasopharynx & ventral oropharynx
71
Where does the caudal end of pharynx open
Dorsally into esophagus, ventrally into larynx
72
What is the tube connecting the pharynx with the trachea
Larynx (voice box)
73
Composition of larynx
Segments of cartilage (like epiglottis), smooth muscle
74
Supporter for larynx
Hyoid bone
75
Functions of larynx
Voice production, prevention of foreign material being inhaled, control airflow to/from lungs
76
Cartilage involved with vocal cords
Arytenoid
77
Short, wide tube connecting larynx to primary bronchii
Trachea
78
What divides the two main bronchi that enter the right & left lungs
Bifurcation of trachea
79
Composition of trachea
Fibrous tissue & smooth muscle, lined with ciliated epithelium
80
Lower respiratory tract composed of what
Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
81
Base of lungs located where
In caudal part of thoracic cavity, directly on cranial surface of diaphragm
82
Apex of lungs located where
In cranial portion of thoracic cavity
83
Part of lungs that varies between species
Lobes
84
Small, well-defined area on medial surface of lungs, the site where air, blood, lymph, and nerves enter the lung
Hilas
85
External respiration
Occurs in lungs at level of alveoli
86
Internal respiration
Occurs all over body
87
Diaphragm does what when it contracts
Flattens, therefore enlarging thoracic cavity
88
Main inspiratory muscles
Diaphragm, external intercostal muscles
89
Main expiratory muscles
Internal intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles
90
Respiratory center is located where
Medulla oblongata
