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Vets 135 > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

1
Q

enteric refers to

A

stomach

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2
Q

gastro refers to

A

liver

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3
Q

hepatic/hepato refers to

A

tongue

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4
Q

Five jobs the digestive system performs in order to break down foodstuffs to absorbable nutrients

A

Prehension, mastication, chemical digestion, absorption, elimination

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5
Q

What is the GI tract

A

Hollow tube from mouth to rectum

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6
Q

What is the lumen

A

Hollow inside of the GI tract

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7
Q

Walls of GI tract consist of what

A

Layers of epithelial, connective, skeletal, & smooth muscle

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8
Q

What is the serosa

A

Thin, tough outer covering of lumen

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9
Q

Order of primary digestive tract

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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10
Q

Type of digestion in oral cavity

A

Mechanical & chemical

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11
Q

Saliva has what and provides what

A

Enzymes, lubrication

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12
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

Parotid, mandibular, lingual

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13
Q

Upper jaw bone

A

Maxilla

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14
Q

Lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

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15
Q

Describe carnivore teeth

A

Pointed, used to shred & tear meat

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16
Q

Describe herbivore teeth

A

Mostly flat, grinds plant material

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17
Q

Carnassial teeth in dogs, largest teeth used for shredding & tearing

A

Upper PM4 and lower M1, 3 roots so difficult to extract

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18
Q

Instead of upper incisors or canine teeth, what do ruminants have

A

Dental pad

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19
Q

Premolars and molars of a horse are called what

A

Cheek teeth

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20
Q

Procedure done to smooth sharp edges of equine teeth

A

Floating

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21
Q

Stratified epithelium located where

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus

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22
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Monogastric stomach, small & large intestine, rectum

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23
Q

Function of cardiac sphincter

A

Prevents food & acid from going back up into esophagus

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24
Q

Esophagus has what muscle

A

Smooth involuntary

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25
Q

What moves the food bolus through the stomach

A

Peristalsis

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26
Q

Animals with a monogastric stomach

A

Dogs, cats, horses, pigs, humans

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27
Q

Main features of monogastric stomach

A

Rugae, highly acidic, “C” shaped (greater & lesser curvature)

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28
Q

5 regions of monogastric stomach

A

Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pylorus

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29
Q

Produces mucus

A

Cardia

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30
Q

Function of mucus in stomach

A

Protects stomach walls from the acid, lubricates food that comes into stomach

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31
Q

Distensible pouch of stomach containing gastric glands

A

Fundus & body

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32
Q

Grinds swallowed food & regulates HCl levels in the stomach

A

Pyloric antrum

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33
Q

Muscular sphincter between stomach/small intestine, regulates movement of chyme from stomach to small intestine, prevents backflow

A

Pylorus

34
Q

Bolus of food turns into what after going through the chemical digestion in the stomach

A

Chyme

35
Q

Parietal cells produce

A

HCl

36
Q

Chief cells produce

A

pepsinogen

37
Q

Mucous cells secrete

A

Mucus, duh duh huh

38
Q

Regurgitation of ingesta from the reticulum, followed by remastication & reswallowing

A

Rumination

39
Q

Passage of gas from stomach, ie belching

A

Eructation

40
Q

Ruminant animals

A

Cattle, sheep, goats

41
Q

Why do ruminants have four stomach compartments

A

Allow time/space for the breakdown of plant material

42
Q

Flow of ingesta through ruminant stomach

A

Esophagus-Rectum/Reticulum-Omasum-Abomasum

43
Q

Most cranial and smallest stomach compartment with a honeycomb pattern inside

A

Reticulum

44
Q

Why is the reticulum continuous with the rumen

A

Allows for reticulorumenal contractions

45
Q

Where is the huge fermentation vat

A

Rumen

46
Q

Epithelium of rumen is lined with what to allow for absorption of nutrients

A

Papillae (of stratified squamous epithelium)

47
Q

Receives ingesta from the reticulum & grinds food as well as absorbing water & bicarbonate

A

Omasum

48
Q

True “glandular stomach”, after the omasum

A

Abomasum

49
Q

What allows partially digested plant food to be regurgitated up the esophagus, rechewed, & swallowed again (rumination) as well as allow CO2 and methane gas to be expelled (eructation)

A

Reticulorumenal contractions

50
Q

Primary source of energy for ruminants

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

51
Q

Body part that converts VFA’s into glucose

A

Liver

52
Q

VFA’s are also used for what

A

To produce body fat, milk fat, & other essentials

53
Q

Primary source of protein for the ruminant

A

Microbes

54
Q

Name of trough in young ruminants that allows milk to flow from the reticulum to the omasum

A

Reticular groove

55
Q

Why do baby ruminants have the reticular groove

A

To prevent milk from accumulating in the rumen, which would disrupt the development of fermentation as the calf matures

56
Q

Segments of small intestine from proximal to distal

A

Duodenum, jejunum, & ileum

57
Q

What connects ileum to the large intestine

A

Ileocecal sphincter

58
Q

What is the major site of digestion & absorption into the bloodstream

A

Small intestine

59
Q

Small intestine produces what enzymes

A

Protease, amylase, lipase

60
Q

What creates the brush border in the small intestine

A

Villi with thousands of microvilli on their surface

61
Q

Valleys between villi

A

Crypts

62
Q

Smooth muscle contractions in the small intestine

A

Peristalsis & segmental contractions

63
Q

The large intestine absorbs what

A

Water & electrolytes

64
Q

Large intestine helps rid body of what

A

Solid waste

65
Q

Components of large intestine from proximal to distal

A

Cecum, colon, rectum

66
Q

Large intestine also secretes what

A

Mucus

67
Q

Blind pouch of LI at ileocecal junction

A

Cecum

68
Q

LI part that has an ascending, transverse, & descending part

A

Colon

69
Q

Terminal portion of LI

A

Rectum

70
Q

Function of colon

A

Absorbs water before waste is excreted from the body

71
Q

Function of the rectum, the end portion of the LI

A

Waste reservoir & secretes mucous

72
Q

Anus sphincteres

A

One internal involuntary and one external voluntary

73
Q

Types of non-ruminant herbivores

A

Horses, rabbits, guinea pigs

74
Q

How do the non-ruminants use fermentation

A

In the LI called the hindgut

75
Q

Four sections of the hindgut

A

Cecum, ventral colon, dorsal colon, small colon

76
Q

Organs of secondary GI tract

A

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder

77
Q

Function of the pancreas

A

Releases sodium bicarbonate & digestive enzymes into the duodenum

78
Q

Function of the liver

A

Produces bile, excretes toxins, & produces cholesterol

79
Q

Function of the gallbladder

A

Stores bile

80
Q

Bile is used in what

A

Fat breakdown

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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