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Vets 135 > Unit 11 > Flashcards

Unit 11 Flashcards

1
Q

enteric refers to

A

stomach

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2
Q

gastro refers to

A

liver

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3
Q

hepatic/hepato refers to

A

tongue

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4
Q

Five jobs the digestive system performs in order to break down foodstuffs to absorbable nutrients

A

Prehension, mastication, chemical digestion, absorption, elimination

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5
Q

What is the GI tract

A

Hollow tube from mouth to rectum

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6
Q

What is the lumen

A

Hollow inside of the GI tract

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7
Q

Walls of GI tract consist of what

A

Layers of epithelial, connective, skeletal, & smooth muscle

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8
Q

What is the serosa

A

Thin, tough outer covering of lumen

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9
Q

Order of primary digestive tract

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

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10
Q

Type of digestion in oral cavity

A

Mechanical & chemical

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11
Q

Saliva has what and provides what

A

Enzymes, lubrication

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12
Q

Name the 3 salivary glands

A

Parotid, mandibular, lingual

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13
Q

Upper jaw bone

A

Maxilla

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14
Q

Lower jaw bone

A

Mandible

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15
Q

Describe carnivore teeth

A

Pointed, used to shred & tear meat

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16
Q

Describe herbivore teeth

A

Mostly flat, grinds plant material

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17
Q

Carnassial teeth in dogs, largest teeth used for shredding & tearing

A

Upper PM4 and lower M1, 3 roots so difficult to extract

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18
Q

Instead of upper incisors or canine teeth, what do ruminants have

A

Dental pad

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19
Q

Premolars and molars of a horse are called what

A

Cheek teeth

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20
Q

Procedure done to smooth sharp edges of equine teeth

A

Floating

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21
Q

Stratified epithelium located where

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus

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22
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Monogastric stomach, small & large intestine, rectum

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23
Q

Function of cardiac sphincter

A

Prevents food & acid from going back up into esophagus

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24
Q

Esophagus has what muscle

A

Smooth involuntary

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25
What moves the food bolus through the stomach
Peristalsis
26
Animals with a monogastric stomach
Dogs, cats, horses, pigs, humans
27
Main features of monogastric stomach
Rugae, highly acidic, "C" shaped (greater & lesser curvature)
28
5 regions of monogastric stomach
Cardia, fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pylorus
29
Produces mucus
Cardia
30
Function of mucus in stomach
Protects stomach walls from the acid, lubricates food that comes into stomach
31
Distensible pouch of stomach containing gastric glands
Fundus & body
32
Grinds swallowed food & regulates HCl levels in the stomach
Pyloric antrum
33
Muscular sphincter between stomach/small intestine, regulates movement of chyme from stomach to small intestine, prevents backflow
Pylorus
34
Bolus of food turns into what after going through the chemical digestion in the stomach
Chyme
35
Parietal cells produce
HCl
36
Chief cells produce
pepsinogen
37
Mucous cells secrete
Mucus, duh duh huh
38
Regurgitation of ingesta from the reticulum, followed by remastication & reswallowing
Rumination
39
Passage of gas from stomach, ie belching
Eructation
40
Ruminant animals
Cattle, sheep, goats
41
Why do ruminants have four stomach compartments
Allow time/space for the breakdown of plant material
42
Flow of ingesta through ruminant stomach
Esophagus-Rectum/Reticulum-Omasum-Abomasum
43
Most cranial and smallest stomach compartment with a honeycomb pattern inside
Reticulum
44
Why is the reticulum continuous with the rumen
Allows for reticulorumenal contractions
45
Where is the huge fermentation vat
Rumen
46
Epithelium of rumen is lined with what to allow for absorption of nutrients
Papillae (of stratified squamous epithelium)
47
Receives ingesta from the reticulum & grinds food as well as absorbing water & bicarbonate
Omasum
48
True "glandular stomach", after the omasum
Abomasum
49
What allows partially digested plant food to be regurgitated up the esophagus, rechewed, & swallowed again (rumination) as well as allow CO2 and methane gas to be expelled (eructation)
Reticulorumenal contractions
50
Primary source of energy for ruminants
Volatile Fatty Acids
51
Body part that converts VFA's into glucose
Liver
52
VFA's are also used for what
To produce body fat, milk fat, & other essentials
53
Primary source of protein for the ruminant
Microbes
54
Name of trough in young ruminants that allows milk to flow from the reticulum to the omasum
Reticular groove
55
Why do baby ruminants have the reticular groove
To prevent milk from accumulating in the rumen, which would disrupt the development of fermentation as the calf matures
56
Segments of small intestine from proximal to distal
Duodenum, jejunum, & ileum
57
What connects ileum to the large intestine
Ileocecal sphincter
58
What is the major site of digestion & absorption into the bloodstream
Small intestine
59
Small intestine produces what enzymes
Protease, amylase, lipase
60
What creates the brush border in the small intestine
Villi with thousands of microvilli on their surface
61
Valleys between villi
Crypts
62
Smooth muscle contractions in the small intestine
Peristalsis & segmental contractions
63
The large intestine absorbs what
Water & electrolytes
64
Large intestine helps rid body of what
Solid waste
65
Components of large intestine from proximal to distal
Cecum, colon, rectum
66
Large intestine also secretes what
Mucus
67
Blind pouch of LI at ileocecal junction
Cecum
68
LI part that has an ascending, transverse, & descending part
Colon
69
Terminal portion of LI
Rectum
70
Function of colon
Absorbs water before waste is excreted from the body
71
Function of the rectum, the end portion of the LI
Waste reservoir & secretes mucous
72
Anus sphincteres
One internal involuntary and one external voluntary
73
Types of non-ruminant herbivores
Horses, rabbits, guinea pigs
74
How do the non-ruminants use fermentation
In the LI called the hindgut
75
Four sections of the hindgut
Cecum, ventral colon, dorsal colon, small colon
76
Organs of secondary GI tract
Liver, pancreas, gallbladder
77
Function of the pancreas
Releases sodium bicarbonate & digestive enzymes into the duodenum
78
Function of the liver
Produces bile, excretes toxins, & produces cholesterol
79
Function of the gallbladder
Stores bile
80
Bile is used in what
Fat breakdown

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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