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Vets 135 > Unit 5 & 6 > Flashcards

Unit 5 & 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Thick central portion of skeletal muscle

A

Belly

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2
Q

Join muscle to tissues as they move

A

Attachment sites that join muscle to tissue as they move (origin & insertion)

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3
Q

Tough fibrous connective tissue bands attaching muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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4
Q

Broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue attaching muscle to muscle or bone

A

Aponeurosis (ex: linea alba)

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5
Q

Prime mover, directly produces desired movement

A

Agonist

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6
Q

Action directly opposing agonist

A

Antagonist

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7
Q

Contracts at same time as agonist, assists action of agonist

A

Synergist

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8
Q

Stabalizes joints to facilitate other movements

A

Fixator

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9
Q

What makes up a skeletal muscle, smallest to largest

A

Actin & myosin, myofibrils, fascicles, muscle

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10
Q

Thick filaments, A bands

A

Myosin

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11
Q

Thin filaments, I bands

A

Actin

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12
Q

Divides sarcomeres

A

Z lines

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13
Q

Contracting unit of skeletal muscle

A

Sarcomere

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14
Q

Connective tissue around individual muscle fibers

A

Endomysium

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15
Q

Connective tissue around fascicles

A

Perimysium

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16
Q

Connective tissue around muscle

A

Epimysium

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17
Q

Describe how a muscle contracts

A

Nerve impulse travels down the nerve fiber to the presynaptic membrane, which causes acetylcholine to be released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine is then diffused across the synaptic cleft to the post synaptic membrane and binds to receptros on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber. The impulse travles through the sarcoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum where calcium is released into the sarcoplasm. Calcium diffused into myofibrils, activation the contraction process. Cross bridges from between actin & myosin, causing the muscle fiber to contract.

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18
Q

What stops muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholinesterase

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19
Q

Define a motor unit

A

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates

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20
Q

Motor unit that produces small, delicate movements

A

1 nerve fiber per 5-10 muscle fibers

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21
Q

Motor unit that produces large, powerful movements

A

1 nerve fiber per 100 muscle fibers

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22
Q

Attaches cardiac muscle cells together and transmits nerve impulses from cell to cell

A

Intercalated disks

23
Q

Spindle shaped muscle

A

Smooth

24
Q

Occurs in large sheets of organs

A

Visceral smooth muscle

25
Q

T or F, visceral smooth muscle is able to have fine and large movements

A

F, no fine movemetns

26
Q

Where is visceral smooth muscle found

A

Walls of hollow internal organs (intestine, bladder, uterus)

27
Q

Individual smooth muscle cells or small groups of cells (no links in between), contractions are localized and discrete

A

Multi-unit smooth muscle

28
Q

Locations of multi-unit smooth muscle

A

Iris/ciliary body of eye, walls of small blood vessels, around small airways in lungs

29
Q

Word meaning relating to spinal cord

A

Myel/myelo

30
Q

Word meaning relating to the brain

A

Encephal/encephalo

31
Q

Word meaning relating to the head

A

Cephal/cephalo

32
Q

Afferent means

A

Towards a reference point

33
Q

Efferent means

A

Away from a reference point

34
Q

Three main functions of the nervous system

A

Sensory, integrating, motor

35
Q

Number of support cells per neuron

A

10

36
Q

Special name for glial cells of PNS

A

Schwan cells

37
Q

Special name for glial cells of CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

38
Q

Sensory receptors on dendrites include

A

Pressure, heat, cold, touch, pain

39
Q

Spaces between glial cells forming the myelin sheath are called what

A

Nodes of Ranvier

40
Q

Benefit of myelin sheath

A

Insulation, speeds up nerve impulses

41
Q

White matter has

A

Myelinated axons

42
Q

Gray matter has

A

Neuron cell bodies & dendrites

43
Q

PNS division that interacts with the external world

A

Somatic

44
Q

PNS division that interacts with internal environment

A

Autonomic

45
Q

Sympathetic does what

A

Arouses animal

46
Q

Parasympathetic does what

A

Relaxes animal

47
Q

How do nerves communicate with one another

A

Sympathetic transmission, involves neurotransmitters and an action potential

48
Q

Largest part of the brain in domestic animals, responsible for higher order behaviors like intelligence, learning, & awareness

A

Cerebrum

49
Q

Outer layer of cerebrum is called what

A

Cerebral cortex (gray matter)

50
Q

Inner layer of cerebrum, includes a set of fibers connecting the two halves of the cerebral cortex, composed of what type of matter

A

White matter

51
Q

2nd largest part of brain, responsible for coordinated movement, balance, posture, an complex reflexes

A

Cerebellum

52
Q

Passageway between brain stem and cerebrum

A

Diencephalon

53
Q

What connects the brain to the spinal cord

A

Brain stem

54
Q

The brain stem is responsible for the basic functions of the body and subconsciously operates what

A

Breathing, heart beat, blood vessel diameter, sneezing, coughing

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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