Unit 5 & 6

Question 1

Thick central portion of skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Belly

Question 2

Join muscle to tissues as they move

Answer 2

Attachment sites that join muscle to tissue as they move (origin & insertion)

Question 3

Tough fibrous connective tissue bands attaching muscle to bone

Answer 3

Tendon

Question 4

Broad sheets of fibrous connective tissue attaching muscle to muscle or bone

Answer 4

Aponeurosis (ex: linea alba)

Question 5

Prime mover, directly produces desired movement

Answer 5

Agonist

Question 6

Action directly opposing agonist

Answer 6

Antagonist

Question 7

Contracts at same time as agonist, assists action of agonist

Answer 7

Synergist

Question 8

Stabalizes joints to facilitate other movements

Answer 8

Fixator

Question 9

What makes up a skeletal muscle, smallest to largest

Answer 9

Actin & myosin, myofibrils, fascicles, muscle

Question 10

Thick filaments, A bands

Answer 10

Myosin

Question 11

Thin filaments, I bands

Answer 11

Actin

Question 12

Divides sarcomeres

Answer 12

Z lines

Question 13

Contracting unit of skeletal muscle

Answer 13

Sarcomere

Question 14

Connective tissue around individual muscle fibers

Answer 14

Endomysium

Question 15

Connective tissue around fascicles

Answer 15

Perimysium

Question 16

Connective tissue around muscle

Answer 16

Epimysium

Question 17

Describe how a muscle contracts

Answer 17

Nerve impulse travels down the nerve fiber to the presynaptic membrane, which causes acetylcholine to be released from synaptic vesicles into the synaptic cleft. Acetylcholine is then diffused across the synaptic cleft to the post synaptic membrane and binds to receptros on the sarcolemma of the muscle fiber. The impulse travles through the sarcoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum where calcium is released into the sarcoplasm. Calcium diffused into myofibrils, activation the contraction process. Cross bridges from between actin & myosin, causing the muscle fiber to contract.

Question 18

What stops muscle contraction

Answer 18

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 19

Define a motor unit

Answer 19

One nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Question 20

Motor unit that produces small, delicate movements

Answer 20

1 nerve fiber per 5-10 muscle fibers

Question 21

Motor unit that produces large, powerful movements

Answer 21

1 nerve fiber per 100 muscle fibers

Question 22

Attaches cardiac muscle cells together and transmits nerve impulses from cell to cell

Answer 22

Intercalated disks

Question 23

Spindle shaped muscle

Answer 23

Smooth

Question 24

Occurs in large sheets of organs

Answer 24

Visceral smooth muscle

Question 25

T or F, visceral smooth muscle is able to have fine and large movements

Answer 25

F, no fine movemetns

Question 26

Where is visceral smooth muscle found

Answer 26

Walls of hollow internal organs (intestine, bladder, uterus)

Question 27

Individual smooth muscle cells or small groups of cells (no links in between), contractions are localized and discrete

Answer 27

Multi-unit smooth muscle

Question 28

Locations of multi-unit smooth muscle

Answer 28

Iris/ciliary body of eye, walls of small blood vessels, around small airways in lungs

Question 29

Word meaning relating to spinal cord

Answer 29

Myel/myelo

Question 30

Word meaning relating to the brain

Answer 30

Encephal/encephalo

Question 31

Word meaning relating to the head

Answer 31

Cephal/cephalo

Question 32

Afferent means

Answer 32

Towards a reference point

Question 33

Efferent means

Answer 33

Away from a reference point

Question 34

Three main functions of the nervous system

Answer 34

Sensory, integrating, motor

Question 35

Number of support cells per neuron

Answer 35

10

Question 36

Special name for glial cells of PNS

Answer 36

Schwan cells

Question 37

Special name for glial cells of CNS

Answer 37

Oligodendrocytes

Question 38

Sensory receptors on dendrites include

Answer 38

Pressure, heat, cold, touch, pain

Question 39

Spaces between glial cells forming the myelin sheath are called what

Answer 39

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 40

Benefit of myelin sheath

Answer 40

Insulation, speeds up nerve impulses

Question 41

White matter has

Answer 41

Myelinated axons

Question 42

Gray matter has

Answer 42

Neuron cell bodies & dendrites

Question 43

PNS division that interacts with the external world

Answer 43

Somatic

Question 44

PNS division that interacts with internal environment

Answer 44

Autonomic

Question 45

Sympathetic does what

Answer 45

Arouses animal

Question 46

Parasympathetic does what

Answer 46

Relaxes animal

Question 47

How do nerves communicate with one another

Answer 47

Sympathetic transmission, involves neurotransmitters and an action potential

Question 48

Largest part of the brain in domestic animals, responsible for higher order behaviors like intelligence, learning, & awareness

Answer 48

Cerebrum

Question 49

Outer layer of cerebrum is called what

Answer 49

Cerebral cortex (gray matter)

Question 50

Inner layer of cerebrum, includes a set of fibers connecting the two halves of the cerebral cortex, composed of what type of matter

Answer 50

White matter

Question 51

2nd largest part of brain, responsible for coordinated movement, balance, posture, an complex reflexes

Answer 51

Cerebellum

Question 52

Passageway between brain stem and cerebrum

Answer 52

Diencephalon

Question 53

What connects the brain to the spinal cord

Answer 53

Brain stem

Question 54

The brain stem is responsible for the basic functions of the body and subconsciously operates what

Answer 54

Breathing, heart beat, blood vessel diameter, sneezing, coughing