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Vets 135 > Unit 8 > Flashcards

Unit 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Can hormones act anywhere in the body

A

No, they can only produce effects on specific target cells

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2
Q

Explain a negative feedback system

A

Once the levels of a specific hormone drop below the needed levels, the appropriate endocrine gland is stimulated to produce more hormones. When proper hormone levels are reached in the bloodstream, then the production of that hormone is reduced.

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3
Q

Hypothalamus is part of what

A

Diencephalon

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4
Q

What connects anterior pituitary to hypothalamus

A

Small blood vessels called a portal system

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5
Q

What connects posterior pituitary to hypothalamus

A

Specialized nerves

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6
Q

Hormones that the posterior pituitary produces

A

NONE, only stores

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7
Q

Hormones that the anterior pituitary produces

A

GH, prolactin, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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8
Q

What hormones does the posterior pituitary store and what produces those hormones

A

Anitdiuretic & oxytocin, from hypothalamus

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9
Q

How does the hypothalamus control which hormones the anterior pituitary gland releases

A

By using releasing & inhibiting factors

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10
Q

Function of growth hormone

A

Young animals: Promotes growth of body, especially bone & muscle. All ages: Regulates metabolism of proteins, carbs, & lipids in all body cells.

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11
Q

Function of prolactin

A

Stimulates lactation in the mammary glands. Prolactin production/release continues as long as the teat is still being stimulated

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12
Q

Function of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

Causes thyroid gland to produce its hormones, regulated by feedback from the thyroid gland

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13
Q

Function of adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

Stimulates growth/development of the adrenal gland cortex, also stimulates release of some adrenal cortex hormones

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14
Q

Function of follicle-stimulating hormone (females)

A

Acts in ovaries to stimulate growth & development of follicles as well as stimulating the cells lining the follicles to produce/secrete estrogens

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15
Q

Function of FSH in males

A

Acts in testes to develop spermatogenesis

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16
Q

Function of luteinizing hormone (females)

A

Completes process of follicle development in the ovary

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17
Q

What happens when LH peaks

A

Ovulation occurs, the follicle was mature

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18
Q

Following ovulation, LH stimulates the remaining cells in the empty follicle to what

A

Form the corpus luteum, which produces progestin hormone that is needed to maintain the pregnancy

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19
Q

Function of LH in males

A

Stimulates interstitial cells in testes to develop/produce testosterone

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20
Q

Another name for FSH and LH

A

Gonadotropins

21
Q

Function of melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A

Effects in domestic animals unknown, involved in camouflage of other species

22
Q

What is diuresis

A

Producing & passing large amounts of urine

23
Q

Function of ADH

A

Acts in kidneys to help prevent diuresis, ADH released when dehydration is detected in the body. Kidneys reabsorb more water from urine

24
Q

Function of oxytocin (not involving mammary gland)

A

Acts in smooth muscle of uterus to cause contraction of uterine smooth muscle at time of breeding & birthing

25
Q

Function of oxytocin in the mamary glands

A

Stimulate milk let down, released into bloodstream by the teat being stimulated

26
Q

Hormones of the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid hormone & calcitionin

27
Q

Hormones of the adrenal cortex

A

Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, & sex hormones

28
Q

Hormones of adrenal medulla

A

Epinephrine & norepinephrine

29
Q

Hormones of the pancreas

A

Insulin, glucagon, & somatostatin

30
Q

Function of thyroid hormone

A

Acts in body cells in many areas in the body & has numerous functions; hyperglycemic effect, stimulates cardiac output & increases heart rate, promotes bone & muscle growth, maintains body temp & metabolism, stimulates gut motility, promotes hair growth & healthy skin

31
Q

Explain calorigenic effect of thyroid hormones

A

Regulates metabolic rate of body’s cells, allowing the animal to generate heat & maintain homeostasis. Affects metabolism of proteins, carbs, & lipids

32
Q

Signs of hyperthyroidism

A

Fast heart rate, abnormally lean (high metabolism), high blood sugar, increased shedding

33
Q

Signs of hypothyroidism

A

Slow heart rate, chubby (slow metabolism), low blood sugar, less shedding, cold

34
Q

Function of calcitonin (secreted from C cells of thyroid gland)

A

Decreases blood calcium levels by moving excess calcium in the bloodstream to the bones, prevents hypercalcemia

35
Q

Function of parathyroid hormone

A

Acts in bones, kidneys, & intestines to increase blood calcium levels by moving calcium from bones to the bloodstream, prevents hypocalcemia

36
Q

Outer portion of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal cortex

37
Q

Inner part of adrenal gland

A

Adrenal medulla

38
Q

Alpha cells of pancreas

A

Glucagon

39
Q

Beta cells of pancreas

A

Insulin

40
Q

Delta cells of pancreas

A

Somatostatin

41
Q

Function of insulin

A

Acts in cell membranes to allow cells to take in glucose, it acts to decrease blood glucose levels by moving glucose from the bloodstream into body cells, prevents hyperglycemia

42
Q

Function of glucagon

A

Acts in liver cells to convert stored glycogen into glucose & send it to the bloodstream, also stimulates gluceogenesis- conversion of fat & protein into glucose

43
Q

Function of somatostatin

A

Inhibits secretion of insulin, glucagon, & GH. Can also diminish activity of GI tract

44
Q

Describe diabetes mellitus

A

Lack of insulin or non-functional insulin which leads to abnormally high blood glucose levels

45
Q

Function of testosterone

A

Acts in bone, muscle, & reproductive system to provide development of secondary sex characteristics & accessory sex glands, activates spermatogenesis, stimulates build of muscle & bone

46
Q

Function of estrogen

A

Acts in reproductive system & in other areas of the body to develop secondary sex characteristics as well as playing a role in estrous cycles

47
Q

Function of progestins

A

Acts in uterus to help prepare the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum, works to maintain pregnancy

48
Q

Function of erythropoietin

A

Acts in bone marrow to stimulate it to increase production of RBCs, stimulated by hypoxia

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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