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Vets 135 > Unit 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Unit 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Every cell needs

A

Glucose, oxygen, waste removal, essential amino acids

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2
Q

Front limb surface above carpus/tarsus called

A

Cranial

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3
Q

Back limb surface above carpus/tarsus called

A

Caudal

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4
Q

Front/top surface of limb below carpus/tarsus

A

Dorsal

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5
Q

Back surface of front limb below carpus

A

Palmar

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6
Q

Back surface of hind limb below tarsus

A

Plantar

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7
Q

Define anatomy

A

Form/structure

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8
Q

Physiology

A

Functions of body & its parts

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9
Q

Dorsal body cavity split into

A

Spinal & cranial cavities

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10
Q

Ventral body cavity split into

A

Thoracic & abdominal cavities

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11
Q

Thoracic cavity contains

A

Heart, lungs, major vessels, esophagus, lymph nodes

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12
Q

Membrane lining thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

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13
Q

Abdominal cavity contains

A

Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, kidneys, bladder, reproductive organs

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14
Q

Membrane lining abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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15
Q

Define health

A

State of normal A & P

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16
Q

Define homeostasis

A

Maintenance of dynamic equilibrium in the body

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17
Q

Basic function of epithelial tissue

A

Cover body surfaces, line body cavities, protection, absorption, form glands

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18
Q

Basic function of connective tissue

A

Holds body together, gives support, storage of nutrients/minerals, electrolytes, transport, defense, repair

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19
Q

Basic function of muscle tissue

A

Moves body inside & out

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20
Q

Basic function of nervous tissue

A

Transmits info throughout body & controls body function

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21
Q

Examples of epithelial functions & where its located

A

Protect (skin), filter substances (kidney), absorbs (GI tract), manufactures secretions & excretions (glands), provides sensory input (skin: pain, pressure, touch)

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22
Q

3 general characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

Avascular, innervated, & basement membrane

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23
Q

Function of basement membrane

A

Connects epithelial to underling connective

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24
Q

Epithelial cells have a specific top & bottom, meaning they are

A

Polar (apical & basal surface)

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25
Q

Where might you find microvilli, which increase surface area?

A

GI tract, respiratory tract

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26
Q

Where might you find cilia, which move in coordinated beats?

A

Respiratory tract, female reproductive tract

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27
Q

Keratin is a type of what?

A

Protein

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28
Q

Function of glandular epithelium

A

Makes & discharges secretions

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29
Q

Simple squamous epithelium found where?

A

Lines alveoli in lungs

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30
Q

Simple columnar epithelium found where?

A

GI tract (absorption)

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31
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium, keratinized, found where?

A

Outer layer of skin (waterproof, helps prevent bacterial infection)

32
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium, non-keratinized, found where?

A

Moist areas like mouth

33
Q

Transitional epithelium found where?

A

Bladder, ureters, urethra (forms a leak proof membrane)

34
Q

Exocrine glands secrete

A

Substances onto internal or external body surface

35
Q

Endocrine glands secrete

A

Hormones directly into bloodstream

36
Q

Connective tissue features

A

Vascularized, most abundant tissue in the body, contains some non-living components

37
Q

3 components of connective tissue

A

Cells, ground substance, extracellular fibers

38
Q

Function of the ground substance

A

Enable connective tissue to exchange nutrients/waste with the bloodstream. Acts as a shock absorber & prevents infection from microorganisms

39
Q

3 types of extracellular fibers which provide structure & support

A

Collagenous, reticular, elastic

40
Q

Examples of fixed cells in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts, adipocytes, reticular cells

41
Q

Examples of wandering cells in connective tissue

A

Leukocytes, mast cells, macrophages

42
Q

Function of fibroblasts

A

Build connective tissue matrix

43
Q

Function of adipose cells

A

Form adipose tissue

44
Q

Function of reticular cells, which are star shaped

A

Involved in immune response

45
Q

Function of leukocytes

A

Involved in the tissue during times of infection & inflammation

46
Q

What is diapedesis?

A

Process of leukocytes slipping through blood vessel walls out into the tissue

47
Q

Function of mast cells

A

Initiate the inflammatory response

48
Q

Function of histamine & heparin, granules located in mast cells

A

Histamine: increases blood flow to area, Heparin: prevents blood from clotting.

49
Q

Function of macrophages

A

Scavengers (engulf/digest microbes, dead cells, & debris)

50
Q

Areolar is a loose type of connective tissue. What is the function?

A

Surrounds every organ, blood vessel, & lymph node- provides cushion

51
Q

Type of tissue that forms the subcutaneous layer- connects skin to underlying muscle

A

Areolar connective tissue

52
Q

Adipose tissue is found throughout the body. What is its function?

A

Mechanical shock absorber, thermal insulator

53
Q

Where is adipose tissue found?

A

Under skin, behind eyeballs, around heart, spaces between muscles

54
Q

Dense irregular connective tissue is composed of tightly packed parallel fibers, making it what

A

Resistant to stress along its length in one direction

55
Q

Examples of dense irregular connective tissue

A

Tendons, ligaments, fascia

56
Q

Cartilage is a tough tissue. What makes it unique?

A

Avascular & non-innervated

57
Q

Name of the membrane surrounding cartilage that provides a nerve supply

A

Perichondrium

58
Q

Hyaline is the most rigid cartilage, and is therefore located where

A

Articular (joint) surfaces, as well as the nose, tracheal rings, & growth plates

59
Q

Elastic cartilage is able to bend, so it is located where

A

Ear pinnae, epiglottis of larynx

60
Q

Fibrocartilage is designed to take compression, therefore it is located where

A

Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis

61
Q

Blood is a liquid connective tissue that functions to do what

A

Deliver needed substances like nutrients, gases, hormones

62
Q

Erythrocytes are

A

RBCs

63
Q

Leukoctyes are

A

WBCs

64
Q

Thrombocytes are

A

Platelets

65
Q

The most rigid connective tissue is bone, can bones feel pain?

A

Yes, innervated (as well as vascular)

66
Q

Bone marrow occupies the interior of bones and contains

A

Hematopoitetic (blood forming) tissue

67
Q

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue

A

Striated, multi-nucleated, voluntary

68
Q

Characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue

A

Striated, one nucleus, involuntary, branching network of cells

69
Q

Characteristics of smooth muscle tissue

A

Not striated, one nucleus, involuntary, spindle shaped cells

70
Q

Neurons are high maintenance cells, why?

A

High requirement for oxygen, cannot reproduce, need support cells

71
Q

What are neuroglia/ glial cells?

A

Support cells for neurons

72
Q

Function of glial cells

A

Protect neurons, give structural support

73
Q

Central cell body of a neuron called

A

Soma

74
Q

Cell process of a neuron which receives stimuli/impulses

A

Dendrite

75
Q

Cell process of a neuron which conducts impulses away from the neuron

A

Axon

Vets 135 (7 decks)

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