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AP Euro > Unit 9-10 > Flashcards

Unit 9-10 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

Political and Economic factors which existed after the Treat of Versailles

A

New states and new forms of government such as; Communism, Fascism and Democracy.

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2
Q

Countries discontent with and demanded a revision of the Treaty of Versailles

A

Germany, France, Britain and the Slavicks

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3
Q

Factors that led Europe into the Great Depression

A

Financial crisis, lack of economic stimulation and failure of government policies/leadership

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4
Q

The French Occupation of the Ruhr

A

The French take over. “Passive Resistance” by the Wiemar Republic and cause inflation of coin and widespread unemployment.

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5
Q

The Lausanne Conference

A

Took place in 1932 and was the end of all reparation payments .

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6
Q

Causes and effects of the lack of production and distribution of commodities in the interwar years

A

Industry rates increased while Agriculture decreases resulting in an extension of job and bread lines

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7
Q

French response to the Great Depression

A

Reforms like Arbitrators, a 40 hour work week and paid vacations which all failed “Popular Front”

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8
Q

British response to the Great Depression

A

Labour Party and the nation gov. was set up by Prime Minister Ramsey Mcdonald

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9
Q

Irish Independence

A

Irish War of Independence from 1919-21 also known as the IRA. “Honor rule” The Easter Ring considered martyrs. Sinn Fein. Resulted in the Anglo-Irish Treaty.

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10
Q

Significance of the USSR in post WWI Europe

A

Politically major

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11
Q

Causes and Effects of the War on Communism

A

Bolsheviks vs. Menshviks in the Russian Civil War

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12
Q

The NEP

A

Lenin allowed some private enterprise

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13
Q

Facts about the Third International

A

International Communism divided groups. The Comintern - 21 conditions

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14
Q

Facts about the power struggle between Trotsky and Stalin

A

Rapid vs Slow industrialism. Stalin wins and exiles Trotsky.

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15
Q

5 Year Plan

A

Known as the Gosplan. Rapid industrialism with Stakhanov as the face.

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16
Q

Collectivization of Agriculture

A

Attempt to regulate agriculture but was stopped before a peasant revolt.

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17
Q

Stalin’s Purges

A

Started out as show trials but ended with 1 million killed in the Gulags

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18
Q

Fascism

A

“Strength through unity”

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19
Q

Facts about Mussolini

A

Had a peasant upbringing and created the Bands of Combat or also known as the “Black Shirts.” Very nationalistic.

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20
Q

The Lateran Accord of 1929

A

Brings Church and state together. Formed the Navatigan (a new state).

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21
Q

Fascist Economics

A

Corporatism - a version of the NEP. Socialistic policy.

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22
Q

Role of women in Fascist Italy

A

Extreme gender roles and had little contribution to the economy.

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23
Q

Facts about the Weimar Republic and Constitution

A

Presidant Ebert was the first presidant and had little public support. The constitution was both very enlightened and flawed.

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24
Q

Reasons and Examples for the lack of popular support of the Weimar Republic

A

Masses felt disgraced by the fall of Germany post WWI, resented the Treaty of Versailles, lacked political stability, Kapp Dutch and Ruhr Uprising.

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25
Q

Hyperinflation

A

1932 = $1 : 800mil dutchmarks

26
Q

Hitler’s early career

A

Exposed to extreme nationalism and anti-sematisim while living in Vienna as an artist. Joined the military and NSWP of the Nazi party.

27
Q

Facts about the Nazi’s

A

“National Socialist Workers Party” 25 points. Swastika symbol and had a radical party known as the S.A, Stormtroopers or the Brown Shirts.

28
Q

Similarities between Hitler and Mussolini

A

Both anti-sematic, right-winged fascists, nationalists, fought in WWI, legally came to power and created radical political parties.

29
Q

Mein Kampf

A

“My Struggle” about Hitlers views about Lebensraum and created a common enemy. (Jews and Bolshiviks.

30
Q

Gustav Stressmann

A

Introduced the Rentemark (equal to 1 trillion dutchmarks), brought stability and introduced the Dawes Plan.

31
Q

The Locarno Agreements

A

October of 1925 in which Germany joins the League of Nations, creates a permanent border and provided a short lived “Spirit of Locarno” or optimism.

32
Q

How the Nazi’s came to power within the Richstag

A

Reichstag Deadlock, Chancellor Bruning elected who appointed Hitler as Chancellor.

33
Q

Hitler elected Chancellor

A

January 1933

34
Q

Ways in which Hitler consolidated power

A

Used the Reichstag Fire as an excuse to rule by degree and suspend all civil liberties. Passed the Enabling Act and the “Night of Long Knives”

35
Q

Woman in Nazi Germany

A

Natural laborers, childbearing and consumers

36
Q

Phases of Nazi anti-semitism

A

1: Exclusion - Boycott Jewish shops
2: Radical Legislation - Novemberg Laws and the “Night of Broken Glass”
3: The Final Solution - Hollocast

37
Q

Nazi economic policy

A

Labor front - “Strength through Joy” and the 4 year plan.

38
Q

Preconditions to WWII

A

WWI, Treaty of Versailles, the Great Depression and the rise of the Nazi party.

39
Q

Examples of the League of Nations failures

A

Manchurian Crisis (1931), Japan, Germany’s rearmament.

40
Q

Results of Italy’s attack on Ethiopia

A

Officially proves L.O.N sucks.

41
Q

Consequences of Germany’s invasion of the Rhineland 1936

A

Showed that the other superpowers fell into appeasement.

42
Q

Spanish Civil War.

A

1936-39. Monarchy to a Republic resulting in moderate liberal reforms which upset both sides resulting in a revolt sparking the revolution.

43
Q

German aggression of Austria and Czechoslovakia

A

Voids Treaty of Versailles and results in the annexation of both countries

44
Q

The Munich Conference

A

Conceded Sudetenland and resulted in the invasion of Prauge

45
Q

The Cold War description

A

“The simmering of tensions between capitalism and communism.”

46
Q

The “Iron Curtain”

A

William Churchill. From the Baltic sea to the Adriadic and split the e.and w. apart (other than Yugoslavia)

47
Q

American foreign policy after WWII

A

Containment. The Truman Doctrine and the Marshal Plan.

48
Q

Stalinist policies imposed on E. European states

A

Created Cominform or “puppet-states” of the USSR bringing their governments under his direct control.

49
Q

Post-war division of Germany

A

USSR crippled the industry. Joint allied control commission - U.S, Britain, France and the USSR all occupy sections of Germany. Berlin Blockade and Airlift.

50
Q

Creation of Israel

A

Israeli War of Independence (1948-49) and becomes and independent state. Balfor Declaration - declared Palestine as the Jewish homeland. UN Resolution of 1947 created two states for the Israeli/Arabs and the Jews/Muslim. Surrogate war for the Cold War and was a great climate for communism.

51
Q

The Korean War

A

1948 the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North state vs. Republic of Korea in the south). 38th parallel created with Stalin’s death by Eisenhower.

52
Q

Khrushchev Era

A

1953-64 allowed some private agriculture and freedom of speech. “The Secret Speech” denounced Stalin completely. “3 Crises of 1956”

53
Q

NATO

A

France, Britain and the low countries ally and soon gain more members and become known as NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

54
Q

The Warsaw Pact

A

USSR (Comecon) military defense against NATO

55
Q

Later Cold War conflicts

A

The “Space Race,” the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis

56
Q

Brezhenev Era

A

Invasion of Czechoslovakia, The US and Detente, Invasion of Afghanistan and Communism and Solidarity in Poland.

57
Q

The US and Detente

A

USSR attempts to weaken US intrests

58
Q

Invasion of Czechoslovakia

A

1968 “The Prague Spring” - showed that any more liberalization could trigger USSR repression.

59
Q

Invasion of Afghanistan

A

Afghans killed about 2k USSR troops a year and drained Soviet strength and moral.

60
Q

Gorbachev’s Reforms

A

Economic Perestroika “restructuring” - Attempt to revive Russian economy; private interprise and liberalization of market. Glasnost - openness about the countries history.

61
Q

Collapse of European Communism

A

One of the two major historical events in the second half of the 20th c. with the 1st being the internal collapse of the Soviet Union due to extreme repression (reason why communism collapsed.)

62
Q

Importance of the fall of the Berlin Wall

A

It was the most figurative division of the Cold War and it’s collapsed was the most symbolic moment of the collapse of communism.

AP Euro (7 decks)

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