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AP Euro > Unit 4 > Flashcards

Unit 4 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

The “Old Regime”

A

The life and institutions in pre-revolutionary Europe

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2
Q

Aristocracy in the 18th century

A

1-5% of the population and were in the most political, social and economic power.

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3
Q

French Nobility

A

400k people. They were either of “the sword” or of “the robe”

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4
Q

Features of the nobility of Europe

A

Exempt of taxes, authority over serfs and could transmit authority to wives/children.

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5
Q

Aristocratic Resurgence

A

The nobility’s reaction to feeling as though their status was being threatened

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6
Q

Economic basis of 18th c. life

A

Agiculture; Land and grain production

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7
Q

English game laws

A

Only people with “x” amount of land were allowed to hunt

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8
Q

Family life

A

Family’s would work together in a home-owned establishment

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9
Q

Concerns of married women in pre-industrial Europe

A

To maintain their household (funds/food/etc.)

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10
Q

Children in the 18th c.

A

Many abandoned and were considered a burden

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11
Q

Bread prices

A

Steadily rose in price

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12
Q

Agricultural methods used by the Dutch before the Agricultural Revolution

A

The Open Field System

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13
Q

Population from 1700 to 1800

A

100-120million to 260million

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14
Q

Crops introduced to Europe from the New World

A

Onions and Turnips

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15
Q

Jethero Tull

A

Invented the Seed Drill and the Iron Plow

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16
Q

Turnup Townsend

A

Created Fertilizer and improved crop rotation

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17
Q

Robert Bakewell

A

Introduced selective breeding

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18
Q

Enclosure movement

A

1700-1850 due to the inflation in wheat prices

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19
Q

Open-Field System

A

Rotate fields and leave one empty every harvest

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20
Q

The Consumer Revolution

A

An increase in goods and services altering the social and economic conditions.

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21
Q

Industry which pioneered the Industrial Rev.

A

Textiles

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22
Q

Water Frame

A

A weaving machine invented by Richard Arkwright

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23
Q

The Spinning Jenny

A

Thread making machine invented by John Kay

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24
Q

The Power Loom

A

Invented by Edmund Cartwrite and was steam powered

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25
Q

Uses of the Steam Engine

A

Portable, Adaptable, Inanimate and an unlimited resource

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26
Q

Impact of the Steam Engine

A

Increase in transportation and industry

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27
Q

Inventors of the Steam Engine

A

Newcomen and John Watts

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28
Q

Henry Cort and Iron production

A

Created a new model more productive version of the iron furnace

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29
Q

Putting-out system

A

Cottage or domestic system

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30
Q

Reasons for England being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

A

Liberal, lots of raw resources, politically stable and allowed social mobility

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31
Q

Impact of the revolutions on the roles of women

A

Displaced women in the workplace and decreased their pay. Caused many to turn to domestic work.

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32
Q

Locations of the main Jewish populations in the 18th c.

A

E. Europe - Poland, Lithuania and Ukraine.

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33
Q

Stages of European contact with the rest of the world since the Renaissance

A

Discovery, exploration, conquest and settlement of the New World

34
Q

Factors that allowed Euro. nations to dominate the rest of the world

A

Mercantilism and Imperialism

35
Q

What was the fundamental institution present in the mid-18th c.

A

Slavery

36
Q

Main rivals during the era of colonization

A

Spain, France and England

37
Q

Mercantilism

A

An economic theory that holds the property of a nation dependent of the nations supply of capital.

38
Q

Purpose of colonies

A

To bring in more revenue

39
Q

Peninsulares

A

Those who were born in Spain but lived in the colonies

40
Q

Creole

A

Those of Spanish decent but born within the colonies

41
Q

Purpose of the Spanish Empire until the mid-18th c.

A

To bring in gold and silver boulin

42
Q

Two areas of conflict in the mid-18th c.

A

Colonies and Central Europe

43
Q

War of Jenkins Ear

A

Colonial conflict with Britain and Spain, started in the west Indies

44
Q

The War of Austrian Succession

A

1740 Involved Austria, Prussia, England and France. Started because of Maria Theresa and the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713

45
Q

Alliances of the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756

A

Important because the alliances swapped.
England - Prussia
France - Austria

46
Q

Biggest victors in the Seven Years War

A

Britain and Prussia

47
Q

Purpose of the Stamp Act

A

To gain more Revenue to pay for the land

48
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

“Coercive Acts” Closed the Boston Harbor, forced citizens to house soldiers and all court cases had to be done in the home country.

49
Q

“Common Sense”

A

Written by Thomas Pane. Helped move the independence acts along.

50
Q

American Revolution concerning slavery, rights and society

A

Women, slaves and Native Americans were now considered citizens.

51
Q

American’s Slogan

A

“No taxation without Representation”

52
Q

The American Rev. ideas were based off of what

A

The Glorious Revolution, John Locke’s Natural Rights, Montesquieu and the common-wealthmen

53
Q

Most important influences on the Enlightenment

A

Issac Newton and John Locke

54
Q

Britain leading up to the Enlightenment

A

Religiously tolerant, relative freedom of speech and press, enlightened reforms and furnished living.

55
Q

Britain’s influence on the Enlightenment

A

Idealized views of freedom

56
Q

Public opinion

A

An idea due to the print culture creating awareness. This threatened the gov.

57
Q

Print Culture

A

Books, journals, newspapers and pamphlets achieved a status of their own.

58
Q

Voltaire’s views on England

A

In “Letters on the English” Voltaire believed that the British were more advanced politically, socially and religiously.

59
Q

Voltaire’s literary works

A

“Letters on the English” and “Elements of the Philosophy of Newton”

60
Q

Philosophes criticism of the Christian Church

A

That all Christian churches hindered rational life and it’s pursuits. It created an intolerance of other religions which was the root of many wars and had negative roles in politics.

61
Q

Deists Creed

A

Gods existence and the belief of life after death

62
Q

“Ethics”

A

Written by Barnch Spinoza. He identifies god with nature as the same and later becomes a marter for the philisophes.

63
Q

Moses Mendelsohn

A

Jewish Socrates. “Father of Reform” and also the assimilation of the Jews

64
Q

Pascal’s view on Islam

A

Dangerous and sexually promiscuous. He also disproved of polygamy.

65
Q

The Encyclopedia

A

Diderot and d’Alembert wrote it to secularize knowledge and spread the ideas of the enlightenment.

66
Q

“On Crimes and Punishment”

A

Legan reform, a change of verdicts and punishment. Very Utilitarianisic.

67
Q

Adam Smith and Mercantilism

A

He wished it would be abolished

68
Q

“The Wealth of Nations”

A

Written by Adam Smith. Supported expansion of weath and the abolishment of Mercantilism.

69
Q

Role of gov. according to Adam Smith

A

Should be in charge of only the essential things such as transportation and currency.

70
Q

Adam Smith’s 4-stage theory

A

Barbarism to Civilization. Hunter/Gatherer to herding to Agriculture to commercialism.

71
Q

Laissez-faire Economics

A

Little gov. involvement. Mainly consisting of individual workers.

72
Q

Physiocrat beliefs

A

That mercantilism was bad and leaned toward capitalism or Lassiez-faire economics.

73
Q

Rousseau’s view on the present times

A

Unequal distribution, in need of specific gender rolls and that women should be treated as inferior to men. Also wanted a communistic community

74
Q

Critisism of Imperialism

A

Unjust conquest and the treatment of African slaves and Native Americans

75
Q

Herder’s views

A

Culteral Relativism

76
Q

Montesquieu’s literary works and views on gov.

A

“Spirit of the Laws” He found the English legal system to be perfect.

77
Q

Philosophes views on women

A

Believed in reform for women but still found it less of importance than other reforms and never stimulated the thought.

78
Q

Neoclassical Art

A

Embodied the return to Renaissance art, very humanistic except perhaps more somber. Secular rather than religious. Jacques Louis David was the leading artist of his time.

79
Q

Rococo Art

A

Preceded Neoclassical art. Mainly used by the French aristocracy. Quite soft and usually done with pastels.

80
Q

Gotthold Lessing

A

German play write who was very critical of religious intoleration. Wrote “Nathan The Wise”

AP Euro (7 decks)

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