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AP Euro > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
1
Q

The Black Death description

A

The Bubonic Plague of 1348-50 that killed 3/5 of the population.

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2
Q

Preconditions to the Black Death

A

Over-population, economic depression and famine

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3
Q

Characteristics of the Bubonic Plague

A

Discoloration of skin, huge sores, coughing and death.

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4
Q

Cause and spread of the Black Death

A

The fleas on the rats.

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5
Q

Social and economic consequences of the Black Death

A

Shrunken labor force and decline the the value of social status/nobility

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6
Q

Social groups affected the the plauge

A

Christians lost a lot of follows.

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7
Q

Popular remedies used against the plauge

A

Amulets, beating one into penance and passionate/rash decision making.

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8
Q

Death toll due to the Black Plague

A

3/5 of the population or 25 million people.

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9
Q

Statue of Laborers

A

Limited wages to pre-plague levels

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10
Q

Traditional “containers” of monarchy in the Middle Ages

A

The nobility and the church

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11
Q

The Hundred Years War description

A

international warfare with England and France

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12
Q

Causes of the Hundred Years War

A

Erupted over who should inherit the French crown.

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13
Q

Result of the Hundred Years War

A

Devastated France and encouraged England

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14
Q

How long did the Hundred Years War last

A

113 years

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15
Q

Key players of the Hundred Years War

A

Philiip IV, Charles IV, Edward III and Philip V

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16
Q

Characteristics of France at the start of the Hundred Year War

A

Struggling to become a modern state

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17
Q

The Jacquerie

A

French peasant uprising

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18
Q

The Estates General

A

A representative council of Nobles, townspeople and clergy.

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19
Q

Reasons for early French failures in the Hundred Years War

A

Lack of royal leadership

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20
Q

Weapon used by the English in the Hundred Years War

A

The longbow

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21
Q

Impact and results of the Treaty of Troyes

A

Henry VI became the king of France

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22
Q

Execution of Joan of Arc

A

The English executed her after 10 weeks of interrogations and torture.

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23
Q

Burdens felt by the social classes during the Hundred Years War

A

The peasantry was taxed harshly

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24
Q

Papal Plentitude of Power

A

Centralized the papal monarchy and declared all saints of benefices.

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25
Q

Pope Boniface VIII’s struggle with monarchical authority

A

Edward I denied the papal powers in government, taxes and put them under siege of the Italians.

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26
Q

Ausculta Fili

A

“Listen my son”

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27
Q

Unam Sanctam

A

A retaliation of the anti-papal campaign by Philip the Fair

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28
Q

Marsilius of Padua

A

Taught heretical material to people.

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29
Q

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

A

When the church acknowledged national rights over religion. The french clergy was elected without papal voice, couldn’t annate and had limited appeals.

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30
Q

Religious movements and the assault on the late medieval church

A

Lollards and Hussites

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31
Q

John Wycliffe

A

Oxford philosopher, completely against papal power. Hussites and Lollards both looked to his writings.

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32
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

Establishment of the papacy in Rome

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33
Q

The Great Schism description

A

The French fighting for the power over the local clergy

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34
Q

Nations divided by the Great Schism

A

France and Rome

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35
Q

Effects and consequences of the Great Schism

A

Deposition of the popes and gave the state more power.

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36
Q

Effects of The Council of Pisa

A

Disposed of both current popes and elected a third. Only all three popes claimed to be the real pope and all refused to step down. Creating the “Three Headed Thing”

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37
Q

Council of Pisa

A

a representative council of the church

38
Q

Rulers of Russia between 1243-1480

A

Valdimir of Klev and Yaroslavthe the Wise

39
Q

Prince Valdimir’s reign of Russia

A

Greek Orthodoxy

40
Q

Social divisions in 11th century Russia

A

Boyars, clergy, army officers, townspeople and the peasantry.

41
Q

Conciliar Theory

A

Movement in response to the Great Schism

42
Q

Slave populations in Russia

A

Slaves were prisoners of war

43
Q

Boyars

A

Wealthy landowners in Russia

44
Q

The Golden Horde

A

Segment of the Mongolian Empire

45
Q

Mongol Religion

A

Strongly influenced by Islamic beliefs

46
Q

Mongol treatment of Russian political and religious institutions

A

They overpowered them

47
Q

Description of the Renaissance

A

Transition from Medieval to Renaissance Europe

48
Q

Difference between Medieval and Renaissance Europe

A

Political centralization, church domination and a national conciousness

49
Q

Reasons Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance

A

Cultural advantaged, geography, and the trade throughout the area

50
Q

Italian cities that played a key role in trade between Europe and the near East

A

Milan, Florence, Venice, the Papal States and Naples

51
Q

Results of the conflict between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor

A

Cities became despotic.

52
Q

Consequences of social strife and competition in Italian cities

A

Ciompi Revolt

53
Q

Reaction of lower classes of Florence because of the Black Death

A

A four-year reign of the lower class (chaos)

54
Q

Cosimo de’ Medici

A

Wealthiest Florentine and aided in the restoration of stability to Florence

55
Q

Professions of humanists

A

Orators and poets

56
Q

Francesco Petrarch

A

“Father of Humanism.” Personally involved with the Roman revolt and wrote many biographies.

57
Q

Facts about Humanism

A

The study of Latin and Greek classics and the ancient church.

58
Q

Civic Humanism

A

The belief that education should promote individuality and public service.

59
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

Wrote the book of Coutire

60
Q

Characteristics of Renaissance Art

A

Embraced the natural world and human emotions.

61
Q

Significance of Giotto to the Renaissance

A

Father of Renaissance painting

62
Q

Masters of the High Renaissance

A

Da Vinci, Raphael, and Buonarroti.

63
Q

Leonardo da Vinci’s works

A

(Painter)
L’uomo universale.
The Vitruvian Man
Mona Lisa

64
Q

Michelangelo’s works

A

(Sculptor)
The David
The Pieta
The Sistine Chapel

65
Q

Raphael’s works

A

(Painter)

School of Athens

66
Q

Treaty of Lodi

A

Balanced power of Italian city states.

67
Q

Ludovico il Moro

A

Milan who brought in the 1st French Invasion

68
Q

1st French Invasion of Italy

A

1490 led by Charles VIII and Moro

69
Q

2nd French Invasion of Italy

A

1499 led by Louis XII and Alexander VI

70
Q

3rd French Invasion of Italy

A

1515 led by Francis I

71
Q

Facts about the Pope Julius II

A

Known as the “warrior pope” and created the Holy League.

72
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A

Protected liberties and allowed annates of the French clergy

73
Q

Machiavelli’s “The Prince”

A

Very nationalistic and republican. Supports dictatorship and basically a how-to book on absolute rule.

74
Q

Factors leading up to the transition from Feudal to National Monarchies

A

Great Schism, The Black Plague and The Hundred Years War

75
Q

Main group affected by the taxation’s of the 15th and 16th century monarchs.

A

Peasantry

76
Q

Participants in the War of Roses

A

Henry VI, Edward IV, Edward V, Richard III and Henry the VII

77
Q

Impact of the Valios dynasty on the French Revolution

A

Transformed it from a Feudal to National Monarchy

78
Q

Significant actions of King Louis XI

A

Dissolution of the Burgundy, creation of a postal system and expansion of trade.

79
Q

Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon’s Marriage

A

To rally French power and authority.

80
Q

Accomplishments of Ferdinand and Isabella

A

Secured boarders, Anti-French Allies and Hermandad

81
Q

Regions of conflict between the “One” vs. “Many”

A

Cases of the “One” winning: England, France and Spain.

Cases of the “Many” winning: HRE

82
Q

Northern Humanists

A

Italian influences, distinctive culture and wrote for lay audiences.

83
Q

Erasmus and his impact

A

Most famous Northern Humanist. Philosopher and a true Idealist. “Laid the egg that Luther would hatch”

84
Q

Printing Press

A

Books became more economically realistic and broadened the content.

85
Q

Portugal’s role in the slave trade to Europe

A

They began the African slave trading

86
Q

Famous European discoverers

A

Prince Henry, Bartholomew Dias, Columbus, Marco Polo, Vesicco, Magellan and Cortez

87
Q

Aztec rule during the Spanish Conquest

A

Mexico

88
Q

Bartolome De Las Casas

A

Most outspoken critic of the conquests of Spain

89
Q

Who did Pizzaro conquer

A

Aztecs

90
Q

Who did Cortes conquer

A

The Incas

91
Q

3 major components of colonial economy of Latin America

A

Mining and Agriculture

92
Q

Consequences of Euro. Exploration of the New World

A

Changed the authoritative knowledge

AP Euro (7 decks)

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