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AP Euro > Unit 2 > Flashcards

Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® European History flashcards
0
Q

Allies of reforming the Catholic Church during the 16th century.

A

edit answer

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1
Q

Where is the birthplace of the Reformation

A

Germany and Switzerland

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2
Q

What are some of the contributing factors to lay criticism to the church?

A
  • Urban Laypeople
  • Books
  • The printing press
  • Postal System
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3
Q

Common goal of the 13th-15th religious movements

A

Religious Simplisity

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4
Q

Ideology of the Brothers of the Common Life

A

Prayer and Study without giving up the modern world.

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5
Q

What is the “Imitation of the Christ”

A

A book written by Thomas à Kupis that basically summarizes the philosophy of the Brothers of the Common Life

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6
Q

Who was Martin Luther

A

Raised in a very strict house hold and was supposed to be a lawer but became a monk instead. Later becomes a professor at Wittenburg University.

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7
Q

salvation according to the medieval church

A

a combination of devine grace and human good.

works + grace = salvation

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8
Q

what are Indulgences

A

a paper stamped by the church saying that one will not be punished for their sins

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9
Q

who extended the indulgences to the dead?

A

Sixtus IV

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10
Q

why did pope Leo create the Jubilee indulgence?

A

to finish the St. Peter Basilica

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11
Q

what is the jubilee indulgence?

A

takes away all sins- past, present and future.

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12
Q

where does pope Leo X sells the Jubilee Indulgence

A

Mainz

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13
Q

what’s the 95 theses and who wrote them?

A

Martin Luthers complaint to the church higher archy about the indulgences

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14
Q

what are four of Martin Luther’s literary works?

A
  • Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation
  • Babylonian Captivity if the Church
  • Freedom of a Christian
  • Exsirge Domine
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15
Q

when did Martin Luthor write the 95 theses

A

1517

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16
Q

what was the diet of worms

A

a court held which asked Luther to recant his words but he refuses.

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17
Q

Martin Luther’s views on salvation

A

“Justification by faith alone”

Belief=works=grace=salvation

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18
Q

how did the 95 theses become publicized?

A

humanists translated it into German and than published it to the common people using the printing press

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19
Q

what does the Babylonian Captivity by Martin Luther say?

A

that only 2 out of the 7 holy sacraments were biblically correct.

(Baptism and Communion)

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20
Q

what was the peace of Augsburg

A

when Charles the I/V gave princely control over religion in the regions.

“Cuius regio, eius religio = who’s region, his religion”

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21
Q

Martin Luther’s reaction to the peasant revolt?

A

published “Against the Murderous and the thieving Horda if Peasants.”

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22
Q

how many peasants died in the 1524-25 revolt?

A

70,000-100,000

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23
Q

what’s the diet of Augsburg of 1530

A

The order that all the Princes must convert back to Catholicism

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24
Q

The schmalkaldic leauge

A

an edited version of the Augsburg confession

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25
Q

the Augsburg confession

A

a produstant confession differentiating itself from Catholicism

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26
Q

who was the leader of the Zurich Reformation

A

Ulrich Zwingli

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27
Q

define communion

A

the presence of Christ in the bread and wine

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28
Q

what was the point of contention between Luther and Zwingli

A

Communion

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30
Q

what were antibaptists

A

Protestants who believed in

  • adult baptism
  • primacy of the bible
  • complete separation of church/state
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31
Q

John Calvin

A

Theologian who influenced the Calvinist movement.

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32
Q

Lutheranism in Denmark

A

Became the official state religion

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33
Q

Religious significance of Magdeburg during the 16th century

A

Became a refuge for persecuted Protestants

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34
Q

Henry VIII

A

Created the Church of England for the ability to be able to get a divorce. He had 5 wives. Considered to be the “Kings Great Matter”

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35
Q

Act of Succession

A

Disinherits Mary from Henry’s throne

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36
Q

Act of Uniformity

A

Book of common prayer that was the only legal form of worship

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37
Q

Act of Supremacy

A

Declared King Henry VIII the only supreme head of the Church of England

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38
Q

Wives of King Henry VIII

A 
Catherine of Aragon
Anna Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
39
Q

Tudor Monarchs

A

Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Lady Jane Gray, Mary I and Elizabeth

40
Q

Six Articles

A

Ten articles of 1536. Private mass, oral confession, celibacy vows and ucris reinstated.

41
Q

Early reform movements from within the Catholic Church

A

Theatines, Capuchins, Somaschi, Barnabites, Virsulines and Orgtorians

42
Q

Jesuits

A

“The Society of Jesus”

43
Q

Ignatius of Loyola

A

A courtier in his youth. Later a Jesuit or “solider of Christ”

44
Q

Council of Trent

A

Council to reassert church doctrine.

45
Q

Magisterial Reformers

A

Leaders of major protestant movements and succeeded by pure force of the magistrates sword.

46
Q

Church Calendars role on daily life

A

Regulated life. 1/3 of the year consisted of religious holidays and regular fasts.

47
Q

Protestants and their views on clergy marriage

A

Clergy should be allowed to marry

48
Q

Clergical arriage prior to the Reformation Age

A

It didn’t happen. The clergy could have concubines and children but never wed.

49
Q

Contributing factors of Wet Nursing

A

Nursing considered distasteful to upper-class women

50
Q

Miguel de Cervantes

A

Spanish author. Wrote “Don Quixote”

51
Q

William Shakespeare

A

English Writer. Wrote “Macbeth”, “Hamlet” and “Romeo and Juliet”

52
Q

Baroque and Plain Architectural Styles

A

Plain: No distractions from the speaker
Baroque: Very elaborate

53
Q

What is a Politique and Give an example

A

A leader who is indifferent about religious matters.

Example: Elizabeth and/Mary I

54
Q

Factors leading up to the Protestant Persecutions in France

A

Battle of Pavia and the Edict of Chateaubriand

55
Q

Competing families after the death of Henry II

A

Medici and the Guise

56
Q

French Protestants

A

Territorial sovereignty

57
Q

What event started the French Wars of Religion

A

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

58
Q

Effects of The Peace of Saint Germain-en-Laye

A

Duke of Guise killed and the Coligny took over

59
Q

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

A

20k killed

60
Q

Henry IV of France

A

Henry of Navarre. Known for saying “Paris is Worth a Mass”

61
Q

Edict of Nantes

A

Freedom of public worship, right to assemble and admission to universities.

62
Q

Climax of the Spanish/English hostilities

A

The Spanish Armada invade England

63
Q

Duration of Austrian branch’s holding of western and eastern Habsburg lands

A

Up until 1912

64
Q

Phillip II

A

Catholic. Strong ruler despite many personal hardships. Ruled more through the paperwork than in physical interactions.

65
Q

Spanish economy of 16th and 17th centuries

A

Major inflation of prices

66
Q

The compromise

A

Resisting the Council of Trents degrees

67
Q

Philip II’s foreign policy

A

Dealt with Turkish threats and the control over the Mediterranean.

68
Q

Perpetual Edict of 1577

A

Removal of all Spanish troops in the Netherlands

69
Q

What area prevented Spain becoming a world empire

A

The Netherlands

70
Q

Successors of Edward VI of England

A

Mary I and Lady Jane Gray

71
Q

Mary I’s reign

A

Married Phillip II and reverted the state religion back to Catholicism and killed lots of Protestants.

72
Q

Religious extremist who threatened the reign of Elizabeth I

A

Mary Queen of Scotts

73
Q

The Elizabethian settlement

A

Created political and religious unity through legal means

74
Q

Thirty-Nine Articles

A

Made Protestantism the state religion of England

75
Q

Puritans wanted..

A

Wanted to purify the church of England and everything Catholic

76
Q

Presbyterians wanted..

A

Wanted some semi-regional authority

77
Q

Congregationalists wanted..

A

Wanted full regional authority

78
Q

Causes of the outbreak of war between Spain and England

A

English Pirating and the excommunication of Queen Elizabeth

79
Q

Reasons for Pope Sixtus V’s support for Spain rather than England

A

Execution of Mary Queen of Scotts

80
Q

Significance of the defeat of the Spanish Armada

A

Beginning of the end of the power of Spain

81
Q

Preconditions of the Thirty Years War

A

Decentralization of the HRE and religious turmoil

82
Q

Ecclesiastical Reservation

A

Attempt to freeze territorial holding of Lutherans and Catholics

83
Q

Significance of Heidelberg

A

Center of German Calvinism

84
Q

Which countries were in the defensive alliance of Palatine Calvinists

A

England, France and the Netherlands.

85
Q

Religious pop. of the HRE in the 17th century

A

Equally divided between Catholics and Protestants

86
Q

Place of outbreak of the Thirty Years War

A

Bavaria

87
Q

Phases of the Thirty Years War

A

Bohemian, Danish, Swedish and Swedish-French

88
Q

Reasons for the start of the Thirty Years War

A

To over throw a king and political power

89
Q

Defenestration of Prague

A

Three royal officials thrown out of a window

90
Q

Edict of Restitution

A

Reconfirmed the Elastical Reservation, ends the Danish period and reoutlaws calvinism

91
Q

Battle of Breitenfeld

A

Decisive victory for the Protestants

92
Q

Peace of Prague

A

Brought about the 3rd period of the Thirty Years War

93
Q

Depopulation of Germany because of the Thirty Years War

A

1/3 of the population dead

94
Q

Treaty of Westphalia

A

Was written in French

AP Euro (7 decks)

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