Unit 8.2 Flashcards
1
Q
The general term for the breakdown of rock by physical or chemical means.
A
Weathering
2
Q
The mechanical (physical) breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces - does not change what it is, only makes it smaller.
A
Physical weathering
3
Q
The chemical breakdown and decomposition of rocks through chemical reactions - changes what it is.
A
Chemical Weathering
4
Q
Water (abrasion), Gravity (abrasion), Plant Root Growth, Animal Movements, Wind (abrasion), Ice Wedging, Pressure, Temperature Changes
A
8 agents of Physical weathering
5
Q
Water is an agent of…
A
Both physical and chemical weathering
6
Q
Acids in Groundwater (those that form caves), Acids in living Things (lichen & moss), Acid Precipitation, Oxidation (rusting)
A
4 agents of Chemical Weathering
7
Q
The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transports sediment from one location to another - movement of sediment. It usually occurs after weathering.
A
Erosion
8
Q
Ecoregion A- refer to the ecoregion map- i am not buying premium :(
A
East Texas Pineywoods
9
Q
Ecoregion B
A
Gulf Coast Prairie & Marshes
10
Q
Ecoregion C
A
Post Oak Savannah
11
Q
Ecoregion D
A
Blackland Prairies
12
Q
Ecoregion E
A
Cross Timbers and Prairies
13
Q
Ecoregion F
A
South Texas Plains
14
Q
Ecoregion G
A
Edwards Plateau
15
Q
Ecoregion H
A
Rolling Plains
16
Q
Ecoregion I
A
High Plains
17
Q
Ecoregion J
A
Trans-Pecos Desert
18
Q
An ecosystem that covers a large area.
A
Ecoregion
19
Q
Formed where wind picks up sand, then hits an obstacle and slows down wind speeds. When the wind slows down, it has less energy and drops the sand particles… the heaviest get dropped first (more energy is required to carry heavier particles). (WHAT IS THIS PROCESS)
A
How Sand Dunes Form/ Sand Dune formation
20
Q
Cover crops are planted between the “cash crop” harvests to help prevent erosion of good topsoil and return nutrients to the soil. The cover crop roots will hold the soil in place and stop the soil from eroding by wind and water.
A
Why farmers place cover crops- stop soil eroding- return the nutrients back to the soil.
21
Q
The process in which material is laid down - sediment is put somewhere else. This process occurs after the loss of energy during erosion.
A
Deposition
22
Q
Sediment is dropped by water when water enters another water source and water speeds slow down. (River meets Ocean)
A
Delta
23
Q
Sediment is dropped by a river at the bottom of a hill when river speed slows down.
A
Alluvial Fan
24
Q
Sand is dropped when wind speeds slow down after hitting an obstacle.
A
Sand Dune
25
How do you know which direction the wind is facing in a sand dune?
By its gentle slope face, not steep slope
26
Sand is dropped by waves in lakes and rivers, can form an area of sand
Sandbar
27
Sand is dropped by waves parallel to the shoreline of an ocean.
Barrier Island
28
Sediment is left behind after a glacier moves, or melts.
Glacial Drift
29
The process by which rock is reduced in size by the scraping action of other rocks driven by
water, wind, and gravity.
Abrasion
30
Rain, sleet, or snow that contains a high concentration of acids.
Acid Precipitation
31
A fan-sha ed mas of material deposited by a stream when the slope of the l~d
decreases sharply.
Alluvial Fan
32
A long ridge of sand or narrow island that lies parallel to the shore.
Barrier Island
33
An area of the shoreline that is made up of deposited sediment
Beach
34
The chemical breakdown and decomposition of rocks by natural processes
in the environment. (changes what it is)
Chemical weathering
35
A mass of material deposited in a triangular or fan shape at the mouth of a river or stream.
Delta
36
Evolution of a gas (formation of bubbles), color change, production of an odor, Precipitate (formation of a solid, (CAN BE Temperature change, but not in this unit)
Chemical reactions- how to know if chemical weathering had occured
37
The process in which material is laid down.
Deposition
38
[The process by which wind, water, ice, or gravity transport soil and sediment from one location to another. (movement)
Erosion
39
An area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks.
Floodplain
40
The water that is beneath Earth's surface
Groundwater
41
How are stagilcites and stalagmites formed?
Acids in groundwater.
42
A chemical eactiorn in which a material combines with oxygen to form new material, it is
a form of chemical weathering.
Oxidation
43
What causes something to oxide faster?
Salt, Water, Oxygen
44
The mechanical breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces that is caused by natural processes and that does not change the chemical composition of the rock material.
Physical WEathering/ mechaical weathering
45
Where are floodplains located
floodplain (or floodplain) is a generally flat area of land next to a river or stream. It stretches from the banks of the river to the outer edges of the valley.
46
A low ridge of sand deposited along the shore of a lake or sea.
Sandbar
47
The boundary between land and a body of water.
Shoreline
48
The natural process by which atmospheric and environmental agents, such as wind,
rain, and temperature changes, disintegrate and decompose rocks.
Weathering
49
The slow downhill movement of weathered rock material.
Creep
50
A mound of wind-deposited sand that moves as a result of the action of wind.
Dune
51
A large area of land or water that contains a characteristic and distinct group of natural
communities and species.
Ecoregion
52
The rock material carried and deposited by glaciers.
Glacial Drift
53
A large mass of ice that exists year-round and moves over land
Glacier
54
The sudden movement of rock and soil down a slope
Landslide
55
fine-grained sediments of quarts, feldspar, hornblende, mica, and clay deposited by the wind.
Loess
56
A treeless wetland ecosystem where plants such as grasses grow.
Marsh
57
A mountainous area of land in which evergreens are the main form of plant life.
Montane
58
The flow of a mass of mud or rock and soil mixed with a large amount of water.
Mudflow
59
An area of land that is flat or has gentle slopes and small variations in elevation.
Plain
60
A large, at are flat that is higher than the surround area.
Plateau
61
A nearly level surface that is located in the lowest part of a desert basin and covered
by shallow water.
Playa Lake
62
A large, treeless area of land characterized by deep, fertile soil
in which grass and plants with soft, green stems grow.
Prairie (Temperate Grassland)
63
The rapid mass movement of rock down a steep slope or cliff.
Rockfall
64
An ecosystem in which trees are the dominant form of plant life.
Woodland (Forest)
65
How could you increase the speed of a chemical reaction?
decrease the particle size, or make the size of the material smaller
66
_______occurs anytime any size particles hits or rubs against another particle. Like sand traveling in water rubbing on the rocks at the bottom of the river or rocks falling down on other rocks during a rock fall.
Abrasion
67
3 things needed for oxidation to occur?
Iron, Water, oxygen
68
adding ____ to water can increase the rate of rusting
salt
69
To increase the rates of weathering, erosion, and deposition, more _____ must be added to the system. The easiest way to increase this naturally is through storms (more wind, more wave, bigger waves).
energy
70
Deposition can only occurs once there is a reduction in ______moving the particles. The heaviest particles will be dropped first since they require more ____to be moved. (SAME WORD)
energy
71
The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces that is caused by natural processes and that does not change the chemical composition of the rock material.
Physical weathering
72
agent in both physical and chemical weathering
water
73
If a river was on a steeper hill, what will increase?
Energy and erosion, and deposition levels because with more energy, you could have more erosion, deposition, and weathering
74
IN contour plowing, a farm plows
across the slope
75
What does contour plowing do?
reduce soil erosion. PLOWS ACROSS THE HILL.
76
What does Cover crops do?
Reduce soil erosion for cash crops
77
What does Crop Rotation DOES>
Add more nutrients to the soil by planting different types of crops each year, such as corn, then wheat, then potatoes, then corn again.
78
What does terrace farming do?
creates "steps" on the sides of mountains to give farmers a flat surface to farm and reduces erosion since it will slow the speed of water going down the mountainside.
79
major ecoregion type are you most likely to find jetties and sea walls to reduce wave erosion on beaches
Gulf Coast PRairies and Marshes
80
major ecoregion type are you most likely to find caves with stalactites and stalagmites from chemical weathering AND natural springs feeding surface streams?
Edwards Plateau
81
major ecoregion type are you most likely to find deforestation which has caused increased erosion from the loss of natural plants holding the soil in place?
Woodlands: East Texas Piney Woods / Post Oak Savannah
82
Which major ecoregion type are you most likely to find an increase in desert land because of overgrazing which causes increased erosion from loss of natural plants holding the soil in place?
Desert / Montane: Trans-Pecos Desert
83
In which TWO major ecoregions types will you find overgrazing of grasses which has lead to an increase in erosion and a reduction of wildfires which has increase the number of trees now found here.
Plains: Rolling Plains / High Plains / South TX Plains AND Prairies: Cross Timbers & Prairies / Blackland Prairies
84
wind and waves affect this ecoregion the most because it is along the coast. During a hurricane, erosion
has the greatest effect on the shoreline. jetties and seawalls have been constructed to help protect the shoreline from erosion
Gulf Coast Prairies & Marshes
85
wildfires used to maintain the plains but urbanization and agriculture prevent uncontrolled fire, thus changing the plant type- less grasses and more trees. This change in plant type has caused an increase in erosion soil conservation (cover crops) practiced by farmers can reduce wind and water erosion on cropland.
THE PLAINS ECOREGIONS
86
Overgrazing caused grasslands to be replaced by desert which increased erosion by wind and flash floods.
Trans-Pecos.
87
Shaped by periodic fires and grazing bison. Much of the _____had very thick, fertile soil and was thus converted to cropland erosion has increased due to loss of native plants as lands were changed to cropland and urbanization.
Prairie Ecoregion
88
logging has reduced the amount of plants in the area and has greatly increased the amount of erosion because the plants are no longer holding soil in place. The forested wetland areas help filter pollution and help maintain a freshwater supply.
The Woodlands, East Texas Piney Woods, Post Oak Savannah
89
Grasslands were overgrazed, which led to a change in plant type and greatly increases the chance of erosion
The Edwards Plateau
90
____ caused grasslands to be replaced by desert which increased erosion by ____ and ____.
The Desert/Montane Region of Trans-Pecos
Overgrazing, wind, and flashflood
91
Grasslands were ____, which led to a change in plant type and greatly increases the chance of ____.
The Edwards Plateau
Overgrazed, erosion
92
____ has reduced the amount of plants in the area and has greatly increased the amount of ____ because the plants are no longer holding soil in place. The forested wetland areas help filter pollution and help maintain a freshwater supply.
East TX Piney Woods and Post Oak Savannah
Logging, erosion
93
Much of the ____ had very thick, fertile soil and was thus converted to ____. ______ has increased due to loss of native plants as lands were changed to cropland and urbanization.
Blackland Prairies, Cross Timbers and Prairies
Cropland, erosion
94
____ used to maintain the plains but urbanization and agriculture prevent uncontrolled fire, thus changing the plant type- less grasses and more trees. This change in plant type has caused an increase in _____. ______ practiced by farmers can reduce wind and water erosion on cropland.
Plains Ecoregion, High Plains, Rolling Plain, South TX Plains
Wildfires, erosion, soil conservation (cover crops)
95
_______ affects this ecoregion the most because it is along the coast. During a hurricane, ____ has the greatest effect on the shoreline. ______ have been constructed to help protect the shoreline from erosion
Wind and Waves, Erosion, jetties and seawalls.
GULF COAST PRAIRIES AND MARSHES
