Progressive Era

Question 1

Undo the Reconstruction and limit government power.

Answer 1

Objective of the Democratic Party after gaining control after Reconstruction.

Question 2

Homer Plessy (half) was on the white side of the bus/train, then he said that he was African American. Ferguson forced him to sit on the African American side, sparking this case. The Supreme Court decided that it would be “Separate, but equal,” allowing discrimination and segregation to begin.

Answer 2

Plessy v. Ferguson

Question 3

Outlawed/ Abolished slavery in the U.S.

Answer 3

13th Amendment

Question 4

Gave citizenship to former slaves (African Americans).

Answer 4

14th Amendment

Question 5

Granted the right to vote to African American MEN.

Answer 5

15th Amendment

Question 6

The right to vote/ voting rights.

Answer 6

Suffrage.

Question 7

Year when Spindletop happened!

Answer 7

1901

Question 8

Year that the Civil War started!

Answer 8

1861

Question 9

Year that Texas becomes a state!

Answer 9

1845

Question 10

Year that Texas adopts its current Constitution!

Answer 10

1876

Question 11

The practice to ban alcohol and its consumption.

Answer 11

Prohibition (Temperance)

Question 12

To achieve their goal of enacting a temperance (ban) of alcohol across the U.S.

Answer 12

The person of the WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)

Question 13

Founded the Texas Equal Rights Association in Dallas, first statewide female suffrage/organization in Texas.

Answer 13

Rebecca Henry Hayes

Question 14

The sale and manufracting of alcohol becomes illegal in the U.S. (Also is the only amendment to ever be repealed)

Answer 14

18th Amendment

Question 15

Was the first person to own a telephone in Texas, was the Publisher of the Galveston News (He lived in Galveston)

Answer 15

Colonel A. H. Belo

Question 16

1. To ban alcohol (Prohibition)
2. Voting rights (Suffrage)
3. An end to domestic abuse

Answer 16

What Women fought for in the Progressive Era.

Question 17

Why ban alcohol?

Answer 17

Women believed that alcohol was the center of many issues in society (domestic abuse, crime rates, etc.)

Question 18

1. Settlements across Texas increased in the west
2. Towns grew quickly around railroad stops (Dallas, Houston, Fort Worth)
3. Helped carry crops from farms to markets quickly.

Answer 18

Benefits of Railroads.

Question 19

1. Economic depressions (prices of cotton/goods go down)
2. High shipping rates charged by railroads
3. Farmers were overproducing cotton crops (prices go down even more)

Answer 19

Why were farmers in debt? (Why farmers were in debt.)

Question 20

Farmers relied on railroads to transport their crops to market, they have no choice but to pay the high prices for shipping!

Answer 20

The main issue that farmers had- monopolies! Since their cotton won’t sell as much, it makes them lose more money.

Question 21

A social group dedicated to economic reform; they set up Cooperative stores so farmers could get what they need for cheap.

Answer 21

The Grange

Question 21

They wanted farmers in Texas to become more politically active and have their own political party specifically for farmers.

Answer 21

The Populist Party

Question 21

Farmers banded together to fight against the unfair practices of railroad monopolies by lobbying congress and petitioning.

Answer 21

The Farmers’ Alliance

Question 21

What group as the most effective?

Answer 21

The Populist Party!

Question 21

Set fair rates and watched over railroad practices in Texas.

Answer 21

Texas Railroad Commission

Question 21

Who created the TX Railroad Commission?

Answer 21

James Hogg- Attorney General/Governor at the time

Question 21

Was the Railroad Commission successful?

Answer 21

Yes, within a few years most of the unfair practices had stopped.

Question 21

Leader of the Progressive Movement, Once in office, he had targeted businesses and railroad companies that operated unfairly. He passed the Anti-Trust Act, which targeted these companies

Answer 21

James Hogg

Question 22

Were jointly owned stores where farmers could buy supplies at cheaper prices.

Answer 22

Cooperatives

Question 23

The first law passed that outlawed monopolistic business practices. (This meant that businesses could no longer partner up and set high prices!)

Answer 23

The Anti-Trust Act (Only effective in TX) Hogg worked with the populists.

Question 24

Was the Anti-Trust Act successful?

Answer 24

Yes, many business were caught in the monopoly practice.

Question 25

What did people in Texas previously use oil for?

Answer 25

1.Native Americans used oil that seeped up from underground as medicine.
2. By the late 1800s, most oil was refined into a product called kerosene that was burned to provide light.

Question 26

Sparked the Age of Oil in Texas- marked the discovery of several major fields in TX and the growth of the oil industry.

Answer 26

Corsicana

Question 27

In 1870,after the first oil well was drilled at Oil Springs, a much bigger find happened in Corsicana.

Answer 27

Launched the “Age of Oil” in TX

Question 28

After drilling 1,139 ft into the ground, oil suddenly shot out of the ground. A stream of oil 100 ft high gushed for 9 days straight. Soon the well was producing 75,000 barrels of oil daily. By 1902, this place had produced 18 million barrels of oil.

Answer 28

Spindletop

Question 29

Were often dirty, lawless, crowded, and unhealthy. When the oil and boom was over, the towns population disappeared. Formed around popular oil fields.

Answer 29

Boomtowns

Question 30

The oil boom created demand for products needed in the oil industry. One of the most important products was LUMBER!
(Why would they use it?)

Answer 30

1.Lumber (wood) was used to create oil derricks
2.Oil derrick- high towers that hold the drilling equipment

Question 31

Which city benefited the most from the growth of the oil industry and why?

Answer 31

As oil fields grew around it, Houston reaped the most benefits and became the center of the oil business. By 1900, it had a well-developed rail network.
Houston could provide the transportation, banking, insurance, and legal services that oil companies needed.

Question 32

September 8, 1900- a category 4 hurricane hit Galveston, TX; this resulted in the worst natural disaster in U.S. history ever. Between 6,000-12,000 died.

Answer 32

The Galveston Hurricane.

Question 33

Why was the commission successful?

Answer 33

Each person focused on their expertise, which made it very efficient (Became a model for other cities, relied on experts rather than politicians)

Question 34

What did they do to prevent this disaster(Galveston Hurricane) in the future?

Answer 34

Engineers created a massive sea wall and they raised the level of the city

Question 35

The Progressives believed that voting was necessary for a strong democracy, so they created…

Answer 35

The Terrell Election Law of 1905

Question 36

What did the Terrell Election Law of 1905 do?

Answer 36

Required that major political parties hold primary elections.
This allowed voters, rather than political insiders, to choose candidates for office. (More democratic)

Question 37

….. Texans with traditional views argued that women had no need to vote because men protected their rights and that women would neglect their homes and children if they were involved in politics.

Answer 37

Opposition to the women’s suffrage had claimed…

Question 38

…….If women had the right to vote they could be even more effective in their traditional roles. EX: they could vote in favor of better schools, more playgrounds, and improved public health.

Answer 38

Suffragist supporters claimed…..

Question 39

In 1918 women won the right to vote in state primary elections by making a deal with sympathetic Governor ____

Answer 39

William Hobby

Question 40

They promised that if he would sign a bill granting women the right to vote in primary elections, they would support him in the upcoming primary.

Answer 40

Women would vote for Hobby if he signed the bill granting women the right to vote- ended up winning in a landslide.

Question 41

Gives women the right to vote.

Answer 41

19th Amendment

Question 42

Laws passed to limit the rights of African Americans (segregation)

Answer 42

Jim Crow Laws (Separate, but equal)

Question 43

Some examples of Jim Crow Laws are:

Answer 43

1.Forced to sit at the back of buses
2.Had to use separate “colored” fountains and restrooms
3.Could only live on the poor side of town
4.Had to attend segregated schools that lacked proper supplies, teachers, or funding

Question 44

How did the Democratic Party in TX prevent African Americans from participating in politics?

Answer 44

Through poll taxes and literacy tests. They had to pay $1.50 in tax ($50 today), to vote. You had to take a test to show you could read before you could vote, often full of riddles, but were successful in preventing African Americans from voting.

Question 45

Both Latin and African Americans

Answer 45

fought discrimination by joining various organizations. Such as the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was also founded to combat discrimination and participated in strikes for better wages and working conditions. African Americans had the NAACP- worked toward racial equality.

Question 46

What did churches do for racial equality?

Answer 46

Gave advice on community affairs, private church colleges allowed individuals to receive higher education, and were one of the most important institutions fighting for equality.