Heredity and Genetics (GT Science) Flashcards
Prone to updates
A characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment.
Adaptation
Reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are identical to the parent.
Asexual Reproduction
A long molecule of DNA (which is made of nucleotides) that is found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
Chromosome
The trait observed when at least one dominant allele for a characteristic is inherited.
Dominant Trait
Hereditary material that controls all the activities of a cell. (which is made of nucleotides)
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
A segment of DNA that carries hereditary instructions and is passed from parent to offspring.
Gene
An organism’s inherited combination of alleles. (RR or Rr or rr)
Genotype
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Heredity
Cell division that produces sex cells (egg or sperm); Chromosomes are copied once, and the cell divides twice. (creating 4 cells with ½ the DNA)
Meiosis
A process in which a parent cell divides to produce cells with identical genetic material as the parent. (creating 2 identical cells)
Mitosis
A change in the type or order of the bases in an organism’s DNA: Deletion, insertion, or substitution are the three main types of mutation.
Mutation
In a nucleic-acid chain (DNA or RNA), a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base.
Nucleotide
An organism’s appearance. (Red flower or White flower)
Phenotype
A graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross.
Punnett Square
A trait that is apparent only when two recessive alleles for the same characteristics are inherited.
Recessive Trait (rr)
