Unit 8 Flashcards
An area of land from which all runoff drains, or “sheds” to the same river, lake, or other body of water.
Watershed
Water above Earth’s surface.
Surface water
Glaciers, rivers, streams, lakes, etc.
Surface water
Water that is found in the spaces between rock particles below Earth’s surface.
Groundwater
A measure of how easily water can flow through an aquifer.
Permeability
Rate of how fast water goes through an aquifer or rock pores.
Permeability
The percentage of the rock that is composed of open spaces or pores.
Porosity
Gravel with big gaps
High porosity, high permeability
Best water resources type for aquifers
High porosity, low permeability
Clay
high porosity, low permeability
water that moves across the Earth’s surface - does not go into the ground
Runoff
Rain & Slope (gravity)
Things that cause runoff
The plant roots are no longer holding the soil in place and this could increase runoff and soil erosion.
Removing native vegetation plants
? prevents the infiltration of water into the groundwater supplies… depletes water in our aquifer that humans use for drinking and to run their houses.
Cement and asphalt covering the ground.
increases runoff and flooding.
Cement and asphalt covering the ground
The growing population may use more water,
decreasing the water supply in the area.
The growing population
increase the
pollution in the water sources.
harder to control
non-point source pollution
/….. to the spaces betweeen the particles
Porosity refers
_______ are those that have high porosity (to store lots of water) and low
permeability (so it can hold the water).
Best aquifers
Nitrates come from MANY farmlands, increases algae and plants, killing everything one way or another.
Eutrophication
____occurs when there is one specific source causing the problem (easier to control)
Point-source pollution
A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater.
Aquifer
In the Saturated zone
Aquifer
Below the saturated zone
Inpermeabile rock
The path that a stream follows.
Channel
An increase in the amount of nutrients, such as nitrates, in a marine or aquatic ecosystem.
Eutrophication
The process by which surface water seeps into the ground
Infiltration
Water that moves down through the ground layers
Leaching
Pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single specific site
Nonpoint-source Pollution
Pollution that comes from a specific site
Point-source Pollution
Suitable for drinking.
Potable
97.5
Ocean water!
2.5%
Freshwater, etc.
An artificial body of water that usually forms behind a dam.
Reservoir
A temperature increase in a body of water that is caused by human activity and that has a harmful effect on water quality and on the ability of that body of water to support life.
Thermal Pollution
Factories use water from lakes, etc to _____ machines, causing thermal pollution
water or cool down
A stream that flows into a lake or into a larger stream.
Tributary
: Waste matter or other material that is introduced into water and that is harmful to organisms that live in, drink, or are exposed to the water.
Water Pollution
The area of land that is drained by a river system.
Watershed
The boundary between drainage areas (watersheds) that have streams that flow in opposite directions.
Divide
The upper surface of underground water; the upper boundary of the zone of saturation.
water table
occurs when live or dead organisms are added to water supplies.
biological Pollution
Chemicals are added to a water source often from industry
Chemical pollution
water moves
through the ground very slowly.
low permeability
water moves through the ground very quickly
high permeability
rock particles are closed and squeezed together with little to no space
low porosity
rock particles that are connected with lots of space
high porosity.
top of the water aquifer
water table
