SS Vocab and stuff unit Civil war Flashcards
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1861-1865
Civil War Time Era
Who was involved in the Civil War?
North (Union/U.S.) vs. South (Confederates/Rebels)
Slavery, state’s rights, sectionalism, and tariffs
Main reasons fought over Civil War
Economy of the South depended on it, the North’s economy did not depend on this practice.
Slavery
The belief that the states should have the power to make laws instead of Federal government.
State’s Rights
Taxes on imported goods. Hurt the South because they had to pay high prices.
Tariffs
When a person is loyal to their region or section of the country first.
Sectionalism
New Political Party in the 1850s.
Republican
What was the Republicans opinion on slavery?
Some people wanted slavery gone completely, and opposed the expansion of slavery. (Abolionists.)
What event caused the south to secede from the Union?
The 1860 Presidental Election. Abraham Lincoln was elected and many southerners believed that their way of life was in jeopardy.
What was Sam Houston’s position on secession?
Did not want Texas to Secede because he worked hard to get in the U.S, and knew that it would tear the apart. (Thought that the south would lose)
Voted in secret without the governor, said it was Texas’s right to leave the Union.
How Texans voted on the secession issue.
Name of the country formed by the South
The Confederate States of America
President of the Union
Lincoln
President of the Confederacy
Jefferson Davis
General of the Union
Ulysses S. Grant
General of the South
Robert E. Lee
More men and supplies
North Advantages
Better Generals and more knowledge of the land
South Advantages
Offensive- Anaconda Plan- Split South in Half
North Strategy
Defend- Wear down the Union until they give up.
South Strategy
First Battle of Civil War- Who Won?
Confederate win- Battle of Fort Sumter
How did the south address the need for men in the Confederate Army?
Jefferson Davis passed the Conscription Act- required men 18-35 to join the army.
Supporters of the Union, often arrested, killed, or forced into the army, when many did not want to join
Unionists
Declared that all slaves should be set free in the Confederacy. Also allowed African Americans to join the Union Army if they can escape and make it there.
Provisions of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Was a former slave under the Union Army. In 1864, led a Union troop victory when all the commanders were killed. Awarded the Medal of Honor.
Milton Holland
Served as nurses, sewed clothing, and gathered supplies for soldiers.
Roles of various women in the Civil War
Leading cause of death in the Civil War
2/3 was Disease and Infection
Confederate Victory- Won control of Galveston, disrupted the Union Blockade of TX coast, TX/south could gain supplies.
Battle of Galveston
Confederate Victory- Defended TX as Union ships attempted to take the Sabine River. Over 300 Union army people were captured and prevented the North from attacking the interior of TX.
Battle of Sabine Pass
Union, then Confederate Victory- Union cut of a valuable supply for the Confederates. Confederates eventually pushed the Union out.
Battle of Brownsville
Confederate Victory- Confederate reinforcements(enforcements) had arrived and forced the Union to retreat away.
Battle of Palmito Ranch
After the strong attacks in Virginia and weak forces of the Confederates, Robert E. Lee surrender to Gen. Grant on April 9, 185.
How the Civil War ended.
Land was left in ruins, no longer use slaves as labour for plantations, no slaves.
Problems the South had at the end of the Civil War.
Opposed slavery in the new U.S. territories, but were ok with it remaining in the south.
The Republican Party
Why did Sam Houston oppose secession?
He thought that the south couldn’t win the war.
How did Texans vote on the secession issue? What was their justification for secession?
The majority of Texans voted to secede from the Union because they believed that the north had abused its power.
Naval battle fought for control of port of Galveston; disrupted Union blockade of Texas coast and allowed the South to get supplies.
Battle of Galveston
Naval battle fought to prevent the Union from attacking the interior of Texas
Battle of Sabine Pass
Land battle fought to keep the Confederate supply line through Matamoros open.
Battle of Brownsville
Land battle that is the last battle of the Civil War
Battle of Palmito Ranch
Union forces captured the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse.
Civil War had came to an end
Was the program put in place by the federal government to repair damage to the South and restore the southern states to the Union.
Reconstruction
June 19, 1865 is the celebration of the end of slavery in Texas.
Juneteenth
a. help former slaves find jobs
b. set up schools for former slaves
c. provide food and clothing for former slaves
What the Freedmen’s Bureau provided.
How did most Texas feel about the Freedmen’s Bureau.
Most Texans hated the Freedmen’s Bureau and opposed their efforts to help freed people.
What was the person who assassinated Lincoln trying to do?
John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln hoping to reignite the war and restore the Confederacy.
a. Each state had to nullify its act of secession
b. They had to acknowledge that the U.S. would not pay its debt from the Civil War
c. They had to abolish slavery (Ratify the 13th Amendment)
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
When ex-Confederates regained control of southern state legislatures, what was their goal?
Their goal was to restrict the rights of African Americans.
Were laws passed by the southern state government to limit rights of African Americans. These laws restricted the right to vote, said they could only work in farming, and forced them to work on plantations if they were unemployed.
Black Codes
How many times had the Constitution of 1876 been amended?
498, currently 517 times
Created to prevent freedmen from exercising their freedoms. They targeted African Americans, Freedmen’s Bureau workers, carpetbaggers, and scalawags.
The Ku Klux Klan
Why did Radical Republicans take control of Reconstruction?
Radical Republicans took control of Reconstruction to punish the south for the war and for passing the Black Codes.
a. Have tougher requirements for southern states to rejoin
b. Protect the rights of African Americans
The terms/goals of Radical Reconstruction
Why was the south divided into military districts?
Southern states would be controlled by military governors until the states met the requirements set by Congress.
Abolished slavery
13th Amendment
Provided citizenship & equal protection to African Americans
14th Amendment
Provided the right to vote for African American men
15th Amendment
After Democrats regained control of the Texas government, how long did they remain in power?
105 years
Goal of the Texas Constitution of 1876
The primary goal was to limit the power of the governor.
The position that the federal government should not interfere with the states exercising their constitutional powers.
State’s Rights
Focus on the interests of one’s region.
Sectionalism
Free from outside control; self-governing
Sovereign
To withdraw from a larger unit one belongs to.
Secede/Secession
A local law or place of legislation.
Ordinance
The forced enrollment of people into the military service.
Conscription
A person who supported the Union cause during the Civil War.
Unionist
A member of a volunteer committee organized to punish criminals.
Vigilante
Using naval vessels to prevent shipment of food and supplies into and out of ports.
Blockade
The civilian world in wartime.
Home Front
A coarse, loosely woven, homemade fabric.
Homespun
Drugs used for fighting malaria and other fevers.
Quinine
The effort, after the Civil War to reorganize the seceded states and bring them back into the Union.
Reconstruction
An official release from punishment for a crime.
Pardon
Temporary government.
Provisional government
Another word for canceling or to cancel.
Nullify
The date is celebrated as the anniversary of Emancipation Day for enslaved people in Texas.
Juneteenth
A formerly enslaved person.
Freedman
A group who believed that Congress should direct Reconstruction.
Radical Republicans
A secret organization of white men after the Civil War that used violence and terror against African Americans.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
A Northerner in the South working for a Reconstruction government.
Carpetbagger
A white Southerner who supported Reconstruction.
Scalawag
Mandatory / required.(Another word for this)
Compulsory
What was another reason why the Radical Republicans did not like Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan?
The Radical Republicans also thought Johnson was being too lenient/easy on the South and impeached him.
