Unit 8.1

Question 1

Referentialist Perspective vs. Aesthetic Perspective

Answer 1

Referentialist: the music is symbolizing something or referring to something
Aesthetic: music just exists to be beautiful, meaning isn’t extending any further

Question 2

Cognitivist Vs. Emotivist Perspective

Answer 2

Cognitivist: we can recognize the emotion it is portraying but we don’t feel it ourselves
Emotivist: music induces us to feel emotion (body feels the emotion)

Question 3

Associative Meaning

Answer 3

Associating a certain aspect of the music with something outside of itself (ie. associating a song with a movie)

Question 4

Contextual Meaning

Answer 4

The meaning we perceive is dependent on the context we are in
- musicals are a good example of how context matters (there is a story to it)
- grey’s anatomy and chasing cars

Question 5

Iconic Meaning

Answer 5

More broadly associated with something (less personal experience, has a broader relation) (ie. national anthem)

Question 6

Semantic Meaning

Answer 6

The meaning of what we feel or perceive from the music is different from that of the lyrics

Question 7

Program Music

Answer 7

Music that is formally or informally provided with ready-made interpretations and is thus self-consciously referential

Question 8

Isomorphism (who invented/what does it mean)

Answer 8

• susan langer
• similarity between musical structure and extra musical structure (a 1:1 association between music and anything else)
  ie. tension/relaxation/delay in musical form matches those in mental state/storyline/etc

Question 9

Strong Cognitivism (who invented/what does it mean)

Answer 9

• Peter kivy
• “our ability to enjoy music is a direct function of our understanding of it”
• music does not induce emotions in listeners

Question 10

Intentionality (who invented/what does it mean)

Answer 10

• Leonard Meyer (implicit/explicit)
• musical meaning derived from properties more intrinsic to music, as opposed to external sources
• Intentionality: musical events point to and generate expectations for another musical event

Question 11

ITPRA (who invented/what does it mean)

Answer 11

• David Huron (implicit/explicit)
• the way we think of music is heavily based on our prediction of what is going to happen next (focuses on the statistical properties)
• imagination: thinking about it
• tension: while waiting
• prediction: actual prediction of where it will happen
• reaction: right after it happens
• appraisal: what happens after